WPC4 6¥arU .~ &c!ju:$L3TKD2w{#Z+ȩ)*9ch]m;&ܸ5WԷ8r#0>;~_dɔ3~ \rhߐa9bw WAG#jFR^czs[=_dۙa&r+(  E $_O州z/b@5 FSPD"*:oԜ=K I;jv]4Y)ūjZGқ΋߯6K 738}W - wڠ~90~)e5O` MFHshz?@~f/+J 0_level4  ` &<<DL&23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  2;+J 0_level5   #DL#23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  28+J 0_level6    DL 23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  25+J 0_level7  h DDL23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  22+J 0_level8   L23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  - -2/+J 0_level9    L23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  2GJ 0_levsl1  X /%4 4 <DL/23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  2DJ 0_levsl2   ," <DL,23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  2AJ 0_levsl3   ) <DL)23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  2>J 0_levsl4  ` &<<DL&23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  2;J 0_levsl5   #DL#23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  28J 0_levsl6    DL 23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  25J 0_levsl7  h DDL23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  22J 0_levsl8   L23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  2/J 0_levsl9    L23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  2GJ 0_levnl1  X /%4 4 <DL/23   2( 4 <DL2  2DJ 0_levnl2   ," <DL,23   2( 4 <DL2  2AJ 0_levnl3   ) <DL)23   2( 4 <DL2  2>J 0_levnl4  ` &<<DL&23   2( 4 <DL2  2;J 0_levnl5   #DL#23   2( 4 <DL2  28J 0_levnl6    DL 23   2( 4 <DL2  25J 0_levnl7  h DDL23   2( 4 <DL2  22J 0_levnl8   L23   2( 4 <DL2  2/J 0_levnl9    L23   2( 4 <DL2  (|I2$$ U!.8XXdd8         0  XXԀ d(|3$ U!.8XXdd8     VVVV)!dxdx)!dxdx( $ Figure  1  ^_X`YE<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3$ U!.8XXdd8     ($$   1  X[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK U!.8XXdd8     _O  @ VOINTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEE  @kk$ATNASHVILLE#OV#Ԉ &   May2000Session L uXXO #OXX#  STATEOFTENNESSEEv.TINASWINDLEXXO  J @+ +  AppealbyPermissionfromtheCourtofCriminalAppeals  J   CriminalCourtforDavidsonCounty  6 @ No.94D1982Hon.SethNorman,Judge  " @*AV) ` dE<` A߈   @ No.M199800362SCR11CD #OXX8#XXO#OXXD#XXO 򀄀FiledAugust25,_2000_Ԉ   AV) ` dE<h` A i   #OXX#XXOThisisanappealfromtheCriminalCourtforDavidsonCounty,whichconvictedthedefendantof P twocountsoffacilitationofchildrapeandtwocountsofaggravatedsexualbattery.Thedefendant < appealed,arguingthatthetrialcourterredinfailingtoinstructthejuryonClassBmisdemeanor (x assaultasalesserincludedoffenseofaggravatedsexualbattery.AftertheCourtofCriminal d Appealsaffirmedtheconvictions,thedefendantsought,andthisCourtgranted,permissiontoappeal P onthefollowingissue:whetherthetrialcourterredinfailingtoinstructthejuryonClassB < misdemeanorassaultasalesserincludedoffenseofaggravatedsexualbattery.WeholdthatClass ( Bmisdemeanorassaultisalesserincludedoffenseofaggravatedsexualbatteryandthatitwaserror  forthetrialcourtnottoinstructthejuryaccordingly.Nevertheless,havingdeterminedthatsuch  errorwasharmless,thedefendantsconvictionsforaggravatedsexualbatteryareaffirmed.     Tenn.R.App.P.11PermissiontoAppeal;JudgmentoftheCourtofCriminalAppealsis t AffirmedinPart,ReversedinPart  ` = WilliamM.Barker,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichE.RileyAnderson,C.J.,and 8!  FrankF._Drowota_,III,_Adolpho_ԀA.Birch,Jr.,andJaniceM.Holder,JJ.,joined. $"t! TerryJ._Canady_,Madison,Tennessee,fortheappellant,TinaSwindle. #L# PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneralandReporter;MichaelE.Moore,SolicitorGeneral;Elizabeth %$!% B._Marney_,AssistantAttorneyGeneral,Nashville,Tennessee,fortheappellee,StateofTennessee.#OXXt# &"& @66' XXOOPINION#OXX #Ԉ ($(  XXO   )$) _  TinaSwindle,thedefendant,wasdivorcedfromherhusband,whohadcustodyoftheirtwo  children,onesonandonedaughter,B.M. #  1      ׀ThechildrenvisitedSwindleeveryotherweekend,for   severalweeksduringsummer,andforoneweekduringwinter.Onoccasion,Swindlesboyfriend,  DanielHall,alsostayedinSwindleshomewhilethechildrenwerevisiting.Duringonesuchvisit, t whileB.M.wasrestinginhermothersbed,Swindletookherdaughtershandsandforcedherto ` holdHallspenis.B.M.testifiedthatSwindlethen mademepullupanddownonit.B.M.further L  testifiedthatonanotheroccasion,Swindle tookherhandandputitonmyprivatepartandstarted 8  rubbingitupanddown.Onbothoccasions,B.M.wasnineyearsold.B.M.eventuallytoldher $ t brotheraboutwhathadhappenedatSwindleshouse,andherbrothertoldtheirfatheraboutB.M.s  ` allegationsofabuse.B.M.sfatherinturncontactedtheNashvillepolicetoinvestigateB.M.s  L  allegations.  8    Attheconclusionoftheinvestigation,thematterwasreferredtoaDavidsonCountyGrand   Jury,whichindictedSwindleontwocountsofaggravatedsexualbatteryandtwocountsofcriminal   responsibilityforfacilitationofchildrape.@ #  2      ׀Swindlewasconvictedonallcountsandwassentenced   asaRangeOneoffendertotheDepartmentofCorrectionforeightyearsforeachcountofsexual   batteryandtenyearsforeachcountofcriminalresponsibilityforfacilitationofchildrape.The p sentences,whichwereorderedtobeservedconcurrently,resultedinaneffectivesentenceoften \ years.Swindleappealed,arguingthatthetrialcourterredinfailingtoinstructthejuryonClassB H misdemeanorassaultasalesserincludedoffenseofaggravatedsexualbattery.TheCourtof 4 CriminalAppealsconcludedthatassaultisnotalesserincludedoffenseoftheoffenseofaggravated  p sexualbattery.Wedisagree.  \   DISCUSSION  4 XXXX    Atrialcourtisobliged tochargethejuryastoallofthelawofeachoffenseincludedinthe   indictment,withoutanyrequestonthepartofthedefendanttodoso.Tenn.CodeAnn.4018  110(a)(1997).Thisobligationmeansthatthetrialcourtmustinstructthejuryonalllesserincluded  offensesiftheevidenceintroducedattrial islegallysufficienttosupportaconvictionforthelesser  includedoffense.SeeStatev.Burns,6S.W.3d453,469(Tenn.1999).Swindlearguesthatthe l trialcourtdidnotsatisfythisdutybyfailingtoinstructthejuryonClassBmisdemeanorassaultas X  alesserincludedoffenseofaggravatedsexualbattery. D!   InStatev.Burns,6S.W.3d453(Tenn.1999),wesetforthathreeparttestforanalyzing #l! lesserincludedoffenses.Westatedthat $X"  X X $D # [a]noffenseisalesserincludedoffenseif:  (a)allofitsstatutoryelementsareincludedwithinthestatutoryelementsofthe  offensecharged;or  (b)itfailstomeetthedefinitioninpart(a)onlyintherespectthatitcontainsa t statutoryelementorelementsestablishing `  X$ (1)adifferentmentalstateindicatingalesserkindofculpability;and/or L  (2)alessseriousharmorriskofharmtothesameperson,propertyorpublic 8  interest;or $ t   XqI(c)itconsistsof  `  X (1)facilitationoftheoffensechargedorofanoffensethatotherwisemeets  L  thedefinitionoflesserincludedoffensesinpart(a)or(b);or  8  (2)anattempttocommittheoffensechargedorofanoffensethatotherwise $  meetsthedefinitionoflesserincludedoffensesinpart(a)or(b)#XXXX#XXXX;or   (3)solicitationtocommittheoffensechargedorofanoffensethatotherwise   meetsthedefinitionoflesserincludedoffensesinpart(a)or(b)#XXXX!#XXXX.    3 #XXXX"# X2XXXXSeeid.at46667. p   Underpart(a)oftheBurnstest,ifallofthestatutoryelementsofanoffenseareincluded H withinthestatutoryelementsoftheoffensecharged,thentheoffenseisalesserincludedoffenseof 4 theoffensecharged.Seeid.at466.Inthiscase,Swindlewaschargedwithviolationofsubsection  p (a)(4)oftheaggravatedsexualbatterystatute,whichcontainsthefollowingelements:(1)an  \ intentionalmentalstate;(2)touchingoftheintimatepartsofeitherthevictimorthedefendant;(3) H touchingreasonablyconstruedasbeingforthepurposeofsexualarousalorgratification;and(4)the 4 victimislessthanthirteenyearsofage.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.3913501(6),504(a)(4)(1997).   TheelementsofClassBmisdemeanorassault,asrelevanthere,include:(1)anintentionalor   knowingphysicalcontactwiththepersonofanother;and(2)areasonablepersonwouldregardthe  contactasextremelyoffensiveorprovocative.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.3913101(a)(3)(1997).A  comparisonoftheelementsofeachoffenserevealsthatassaultcontainsoneelementthatisnot  includedwithinthestatutoryelementsofaggravatedsexualbattery,i.e.,therequirementthata l reasonablepersonwouldregardthecontactasextremelyoffensiveorprovocative#XXXX>##XXXX#OXX_#XXO.Accordingly, X  becausealloftheelementsofassaultarenotincludedwithintheoffenseofaggravatedsexual D! battery,assaultcannotbealesserincludedoffenseofaggravatedsexualbatteryunderpart(a)ofthe 0"  Burnstest. #l!   Itmaybearguedthatproofofaggravatedsexualbatteryinevitablyestablishesassaultbecause $D # physicalcontactforthepurposeofsexualarousalorgratificationisinherentlyextremelyoffensive %0!$ orprovocative.InBurns,however,weimplicitlyrejectedthisapproachundersubsection(a).As &"% weacknowledgedinBurns,ourtestfordetermininglesserincludedoffensesislargelyderivedfrom '#& theModelPenalCode(MPC).TheMPCprovidesthatanoffenseisalesserincludedoffenseif it (#' isestablishedbyproofofthesameorlessthanallthefactsrequiredtoestablishthecommissionof )$( theoffensecharged.ModelPenalCode1.07(4)(a)(1980).Wemodifiedthislanguage,however, |*%) tocastlesserincludedoffenseanalysisintermsofstatutoryelementsratherthanintermsoffacts h+&* necessarytoestablishcommissionofanoffense.SeeBurns,6S.W.3dat466.Weobservedthatour  modification defineslesserincludedoffenseusingastatutoryelementsapproachconsistentwith  [Statev.Howard,578S.W.2d83(1979)],whichalsofocusedonstatutoryelementsratherthan  factsindetermininglesserincludedoffenses.SeeHoward,578S.W.2dat85;seealsoBurns,6 t S.W.3dat46566(recognizingHowardsstrictstatutoryelementsapproach).Althoughwehadthe ` opportunitytoadoptafactbasedapproachforlesserincludedoffenseanalysisunderpart(a)of L  Burns,wedeclinedtodoso.Thus,wearereluctanttoholdthatproofofaggravatedsexualbattery 8  inevitablyestablishesassaultunderpart(a)ofBurns. $ t   Weare,ofcourse,awarethatastrictstatutoryelementapproachmayweightooheavilyin  L  favoroftheState.InBurns,weaddressedconcernsthattheStatemightrefusetochargelessserious  8  offenses,thusdeprivingadefendantoftherighttopresentadefensethatmightotherwisebe $  presented.Wenotedthatifacomparisonofstatutoryelementswastheonlyanalysisapplicableto   lesserincludedoffenses, ajury[wouldbeforced]intoanallornothingdecisionthat,   unfortunately,islikelytoberesolvedagainstthedefendant,whoisclearlyguiltyofsomething.   Burns,6S.W.3dat466.     Tomitigatetheeffectsofthestatutoryelementapproach,weprovidedtwoexceptionstopart \ (a)oftheBurnstest.Thetwoexceptions,setforthinpart(b)oftheBurnstest,providethatifan H offensefailstosatisfypart(a),itmaystillbealesserincludedoffenseifitcontainsastatutory 4 elementorelementsestablishingeitheradifferentmentalstateindicatingalesserkindofculpability  p oralessseriousharmorriskofharmtothesameperson,property,orpublicinterest.SeeBurns,  \ 6S.W.3dat46667.Becausetheadditionalelementinassault,i.e.,thatareasonablepersonwould H regardthecontactasextremelyoffensiveorprovocative,doesnotestablishadifferentmentalstate 4 indicatingalesserkindofculpability,assaultcannotbealesserincludedoffenseunderpart(b)(1).   Thus,assaultmustinvolvealessseriousharmorriskofharmtothesamepersontobealesser   includedoffenseofaggravatedsexualbatteryundersubsection(b)(2)oftheBurnstest.    InBurns,weexplainedthatanoffenseinvolvesalessseriousharmorriskofharmwhere   theinjuryorriskofinjury[or]damage...isofalesserdegreethanthatrequiredforthegreater l offense.Id.at466.BothaggravatedsexualbatteryandClassBmisdemeanorassaultaresatisfied X  bythesamementalstate,andbothrequirephysicalcontact.Aggravatedsexualbattery,however, D! requiresthatthephysicalcontactbeofasexualnature.ClassBmisdemeanorassault,bycontrast, 0"  requiresonlythatthetouchingbeextremelyoffensiveorprovocative.#XXXX)#XXXXThepertinentquestionhere, #l! then,iswhethertheelementof extremelyoffensiveor provocativephysicalcontactestablishes $X" alessseriousharmtothevictimthantouchingofintimatepartsforthepurposeofsexualarousalor $D # gratification. %0!$   Unlawfulsexualcontact,byitsnature,encompassesextremelyoffensiveorprovocative '#& contact.However,contactofanextremelyoffensiveorprovocativenaturedoesnotnecessarilyrise (#' tothelevelofsexualcontact#XXXX=#XXXX.Cf.Statev.Howard,926S.W.2d579,58687(Tenn.Crim.App. )$( 1996);Statev.McKnight,900S.W.2d36,53(Tenn.Crim.App.1994).Therefore,weconcludethat |*%) theelementofextremelyoffensiveorprovocative#XXXX@#XXXXtouchingestablishesalessseriousharmtothe h+&* victimthantouchingforthepurposeofsexualarousalorgratification.Accordingly,underpart  (b)(2)oftheBurnstest,#XXXXA#ClassBmisdemeanorassaultisalesserincludedoffenseofaggravated  sexualbatteryXXXX. #  3      ׀  #XXXXsC#  HavingdeterminedthatClassBmisdemeanorassaultisalesserincludedoffenseof ` aggravatedsexualbattery,wenextconsiderwhethertheevidencewassufficienttosupportan L  instructiononthelesseroffense.Ononeoccasion,thedefendanttookherdaughtershandand 8  forcedhertoholdthedefendantsboyfriendspenis.Onanotheroccasion,thedefendantusedher $ t handstorubthevictimsgenitals.TheCourtofCriminalAppealsconcludedthattherewasno  ` evidencethattheseincidentsweresimpleassaultsdevoidofsexualintent.  L    Alackofsexualintent,however,isnotanelementofassault.AswenotedinBurns, $   [w]hethersufficientevidencesupportsaconvictionofthechargedoffensedoesnotaffectthetrial   courtsdutytoinstructonthelesseroffenseifevidencealsosupportsafindingofguiltonthelesser   offense.6S.W.3dat472.Inthiscase,weconcludethatthetrialcourterredinfailingtoinstruct   thejuryonClassBmisdemeanorasalesserincludedoffenseofaggravatedsexualbatterybecause   bothoftheseincidentsinvolvedcontactthatareasonablepersonwouldregardasextremely p offensiveorprovocativeandtheevidencewouldhavebeenlegallysufficienttosupportaconviction \ forthelesseroffense.Seeid.at469.XXXX H Ѐ  ThetrialcourtserroneousfailuretoinstructonClassBmisdemeanorassaultissubjectto  p aharmlesserroranalysis.Statev.Williams,977S.W.2d101,105(Tenn.1998).Reversalis  \ requirediftheerroraffirmativelyaffectedtheresultofthetrial,oriftheerrormoreprobablythan H notaffectedthejudgmenttothedefendantsprejudice.Id.;seealsoTenn.R.Crim.P.52(a). 4   Inthiscase,thetrialcourtinstructedthejuryontheelementsnecessarytoproveaggravated   sexualbattery,specifically:atouchingofthedefendantsorthevictimsintima#XXXXaJ#XXXXteparts;thatthe  touchingwasforthepurposeofsexualarousalorgratification;thatthevictimwaslessthanthirteen  (13)yearsofage;andthatthedefendantactedeitherintentionally,knowinglyorrecklessly.In  addition,thetrialcourtinstructedonthelesserincludedoffensesoffacilitationofaggravatedsexual l battery(aClassCfelony),childabuse(aClassAmisdemeanor),andchildneglect(aClassA X  misdemeanor). #  4       D!   Thejurorswerealsoinstructedthatiftheydeterminedthedefendantwasguiltybeyonda #l! reasonabledoubtofthegreateroffense,theyweretostoptheirdeliberationsastothatcountand $X" returntheirverdict.Theywerealsotoldthatiftheyhadareasonabledoubtastothegreateroffense  ofaggravatedsexualbattery,theirverdictmustbenotguiltyofthatoffenseandtheyshouldproceed  todeterminethedefendantsguiltorinnocenceofthelesserincludedoffenses.    Byconvictingthedefendantofaggravatedsexualbattery,thejurynecessarilydeterminedthat ` theevidencewassufficienttoestablishalltheelementsofthatoffensebeyondareasonabledoubt. L  #XXXXM# XXXXThejurysrejectionofthelesseroffensesoffacilitation,childabuseandchildneglectclearly 8  demonstratesthatthejurywouldnothaveconvictedthedefendantofClassBmisdemeanorassault. $ t SeeWilliams,977S.W.2dat106.#XXX XS#XXXXԀAccordingly,thefailuretoinstructonthatoffensedoesnot  ` affirmativelyappeartohaveaffectedtheresultofthetrial.Thus,theerrorisharmless.  L    CONCLUSION  $  U  Insummary,weholdthat#XXXXT#becauseextremelyoffensiveorprovocativecontactisalessserious   harmtothevictimthantouchingforthepurposeofsexualarousalorgratification,XXXX#OXX*#XXOClassB   misdemeanorassaultisalesserincludedoffenseofaggravatedsexualbatteryunderthe lesserharm   orriskofharmprongofpart(b)inStatev.Burns,6S.W.3d453(Tenn.1999).#XXXXW# XXXXԀ#XXX XX# XXXXWefurther p concludethataninstructiononClassBmisdemeanorassaultwaswarrantedundertheevidence \ presentedinthiscase.#XXX XX#XXXXԀAccordingly,#XXXXY#thefailuretoinstructthejuryonthatlesseroffensewaserror. H Nevertheless,weholdthatthiserrorwasharmlessinlightofthefactsthatthecourtinstructedthe 4 juryonaggravatedsexualbattery,facilitationofafelony,childabuse,andchildneglect,andthatthe  p juryfoundthedefendantguiltyofthegreatestoffenseofaggravatedsexualbatterytotheexclusion  \ ofthelesserinstructedoffenses.Thedefendantsconvictionandsentenceforaggravatedsexual H batteryisaffirmed.XXXX 4   Costsofthisappealaretaxedtothedefendant/appellant,TinaSwindle.      `     h     _________________________________#XXXX`\# D!    `     h     WILLIAMM.BARKER,JUSTICE#OXXWW#