ÿWPC4 +w™Â9‰´3‰´ë->{Ñ¥ajt–ÙŒÆ_{øóžW:iëIG©ì4>˜\J‰Hâ”gµ®¨AÇ®ã’Ç7æê¬™0¹eùô³Õ¬Æ`÷‘Ë x?ò’urrªp%çð,w×h5“)öAlÛôìî>‘ÿa~YrPùm™Œz÷[& Éj!ñvJ!E|Ñ$‚MÓÁ† ·MŒI7¾.’Ήú…k^2ÀèJ¬›dl ÛÌ¢Oýåï0Ï)¨×ò´`Ú™f¦¹d ÒËý;ƒÉSA~Mv~E§=•CqÑEP]\c8îWi(OØÃªÏ5å4Çz1Òa¸BIF±tPÿ<Êdñϼ»0®[ÅD©] V\ÂÁ.aCý¾ý°(´¢üÉ_³R"~ì]Õ$ÇùÃp£èYñÉ:<#š÷ÎõoÁVLýuë+ x®ûô6½VÖFàá}~ QXâဳ67S¥¹+ÈLx»Ì¥šª‘SHdLv·¬Ë>rÚ^Ûyà ¨õñzV$p¿P¦©ŒÜ`æ=ʘêwÁ°Pa ^/Gؾ ‘Õ#^´…©è×óŠØ‚•-€u×ë0ͱÐSEnN¬ˆád]~¶þŒËW#ÉÂU N‹ %Ù 0:ß U N ^ g ws 4w ‹ š mœ œ 0~³ 0D1 6u N« :­ bç ç &ï ï E B˜\\IB01S01\CLERK1NASÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularÀnO/Ï o=/ê:i¢×+003|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(.(3Ä($¤¤Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ,Ý ƒ Ä($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€ôüòXXÔ€I€fully€agree€with€the€majorityððs€conclusion€that€the€Stateððs€motion€was€untimely€and€that€the€defendant€hasÐ ° Ðnot€waived€review€of€this€issue. 0Ñ#€Xÿÿd#ÑÑ € Ñ- ù- TOLIVERBevilW]hen J.N.Coferapply[ing EvidSpicerGillilandDuboseincrease[d t]woinformationsl]essDrucker dÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡XïPXXXÔÔ‡îZîXXïPÔÑ  ÑÑ€ö_Ñà@™ ™ ìàIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†XïPXîîZ\#ÔÔ‡¼[»XXïPԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓJanuary€7,€2003€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ#†XïPX»¼["#ÔÌò òÔ‡îZîXXïPÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€ANDERSON€TOLIVERÔ#†XïPXîîZ¶#Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€by€Permission€from€the€Court€of€Criminal€AppealsÐ  Z ÐCriminal€Court€for€Hamilton€CountyÐ ö F Ðà@@øøìàNos.€223083€and€223085€€€€€€Stephen€M.€Bevil,€JudgeÐ â 2 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<¥` AßÐ ¦ö  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2001„00584„SC„R11„CD€„€Filed€October€2,€Ô_Ô2003Ô_ÔÐ ¡ñ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<x` AßÐ yÉ  Ðó óÔ#†XïPXXXïP=#ÔÌÓ  ÓòòÌE.€Riley€Anderson,€J.óó,€dissenting.Ð `° ÐÌÓ  Óà  àThe€majority€has€concluded€that€the€trial€court€committed€reversible€error€by€consolidatingÐ 8ˆ Ðthe€offenses€of€March€1,€1998€and€April€9,€1998,€and€by€admitting€evidence€of€prior€abuseÐ $t Ðcommitted€by€the€defendant,€Anderson€Toliver.€€In€my€view,€however,€the€trial€court€did€not€abuseÐ ` Ðits€discretion€by€consolidating€the€two€offenses€and€the€admission€of€prior€acts€of€abuse€did€not€affectÐ üL Ðthe€juryððs€verdict.€€Accordingly,€I€dissent€and€would€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€Court€of€CriminalÐ è8 ÐAppeals.€Ð Ô$ ÐÌò òà@ìàConsolidation€of€the€Offensesó óˆÐ ¬ü ÐÌà  àThe€majority€has€concluded€that€the€trial€court€committed€reversible€error€by€consolidatingÐ „Ô Ðthe€March1,€1998€and€April€9,€1998€offenses€for€a€single€trial.€€In€my€view,€the€trial€court€did€notÐ pÀ Ðabuse€its€discretion€in€consolidating€the€offenses€and€the€majority€has€substituted€its€judgment€forÐ \ ¬ Ðthat€of€the€trial€court.€€€Ð H!˜  ÐÌà  àThe€two€offenses€of€aggravated€child€abuse€were€charged€in€separate€indictments.€€TheÐ  #p" Ðoffense€of€child€abuse€is€committed€when€a€person€ð ðknowingly,€other€than€by€accidental€means,Ð  $\# Ðtreats€a€child€under€eighteen€(18)€years€of€age€in€such€a€manner€as€to€inflict€injury€.€.€.€.ðð€€Tenn.€CodeÐ ø$H $ ÐAnn.€ðð€39„15„401(a)€(1997).€€The€offense€of€aggravated€child€abuse€is€committed€when€(1)€the€actÐ ä%4!% Ðof€child€abuse€results€in€ð ðserious€bodily€injuryðð€to€the€child,€òòoróó€(2)€the€act€of€child€abuse€isÐ Ð& "& Ðaccomplished€with€a€ð ðdeadly€weapon.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„15„402(a)€(1997).€€A€ð ðdeadlyÐ ¼' #' Ðweaponðð€is:Ð ¨(ø#( ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à(A)€€A€firearm€or€anything€manifestly€designed,€made€orÐ €*Ð%* Ðadapted€for€the€purpose€of€inflicting€death€or€òòserious€bodily€injuryóó;€or€Ðl+¼&+` x` x Ðâ âÐ X,¨', ÐÑö_Ñâ âÑ8€ïPXXdìXXdì8ÑÑ€Ñâ âÑ  ÑÔ_Ôà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à(B)€Anything€that€in€the€manner€of€its€use€or€intended€use€isÐ ° Ðâ âcapable€of€causing€death€or€òòserious€bodily€injuryóó.Мì` x` x ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(5)€(1997)€(emphasis€added).€€A€ð ðserious€bodily€injuryðð€is€oneÐ tÄ Ðinvolving:Ð `° ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à(A)€€A€substantial€risk€of€death;€Ð8 ˆ` x` x ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ à(B)€€Protracted€unconsciousness;€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ à(C)€€òòExtreme€physical€painóó;Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ à(D)€€Protracted€or€obvious€disfigurement;€or€Ð À  ÐÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#à(E)€€Protracted€loss€or€substantial€impairment€of€a€functionÐ˜è ¸ (#¸ (# Ðà  àà ` à€of€a€bodily€member,€organ€or€mental€faculty.Ð „Ô  ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(34)€(1997)€(emphasis€added).€€Ô‡XïPXXXïPÔÐ \¬ ÐÌà  àThe€State€orally€moved€to€consolidate€the€charges€on€the€day€of€trial׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€on€the€basis€that€theÐ 4„ Ðcharges€showed€ð ða€pattern€and€a€common€scheme€of€plan,ðð€and€that€ð ðin€both€of€these€cases€theÐ  p Ðallegations€will€be€that€the€defendant€[]€hit€the€child€with€the€same€braided€extension€cord€.€.€.€.ðð€€TheÐ  \ Ðtrial€court€determined€that€the€March€1,€1998€and€April€9,€1998€incidents€were€identical€to€oneÐ øH Ðanother€in€several€key€respects€and€relevant€to€the€defendantððs€intent:Ð ä4 ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àSince€the€crimes€.€.€.€are€identical€in€every€feature,€the€same€place,€theÐ ¼  Ðsame€room,€the€same€method€of€administering€this€type€of€injury,€theÐ ¨ø Ðsame€weapon,€or€the€same€object€...,€theyððre€so€identical€to€eachÐ ”ä Ðother,€going€to€that€issue€of€intent,€Iððm€going€to€allow€the€State€toÐ €Ð Ðproceed€on€both€of€these€indictments.ððÐl¼` x` x ÐÌThe€trial€court€therefore€granted€the€Stateððs€oral€motion€to€consolidate.€€Ð D!” ÐÌà  àÔ#†XïPXXXïP#ÔThe€trial€courtððs€decision€on€a€motion€to€consolidate€offenses€or€a€motion€to€sever€offensesÐ #l! Ðmay€be€overturned€only€for€an€abuse€of€discretion.€€òòState€v.€Shirleyóó,€6€S.W.3d€243,€247€(Tenn.€1999).€Ð $X" ÐAn€abuse€of€discretion€occurs€only€when€the€ð ðcourt€applied€an€incorrect€legal€standard,€or€reachedÐ ô$D # Ða€decision€which€is€against€logic€or€reasoning€that€caused€an€injustice€to€the€party€complaining.ðð€€òòId.óó€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àRule€8(b)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure€provides€that€ð ð[t]wo€or€moreÐ ¸'#& Ðoffenses€may€be€joined€in€the€same€indictment,€presentment,€or€information,€with€each€offense€statedÐ ¤(ô#' Ðin€a€separate€count€or€consolidated€pursuant€to€Rule€13€òòif€the€offenses€constitute€parts€of€a€commonÐ ° Ðscheme€or€plan€or€if€they€are€of€the€same€or€similar€characteróó.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€8(b)€(emphasisÐ œì Ðadded).€€Similarly,€Rule€13(a)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure€states€that€the€trial€courtÐ ˆØ Ðð ðmay€order€consolidation€of€two€or€more€indictments,€presentments,€or€informations€for€trial€if€theÐ tÄ Ðoffenses€and€all€defendants€could€have€been€joined€in€a€single€indictment,€presentment,€orÐ `° Ðinformation€pursuant€to€Rule€8.ðð€€When€a€defendant€objects€to€consolidation,€ð ðthe€state€must€thenÐ L œ Ðdemonstrate€that€the€offenses€are€parts€of€a€common€scheme€or€plan€and€that€evidence€of€eachÐ 8 ˆ Ðoffense€is€admissible€in€the€trial€of€the€others.ðð€€òòSpicer€v.€Stateóó,€12€S.W.3d€438,€444€(Tenn.€2000).€Ð $ t ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€as€the€majority€correctly€summarizes,€a€trial€court€must€find€that€the€multipleÐ ü L  Ðoffenses€are€parts€of€a€common€scheme€or€plan,€that€evidence€of€each€offense€is€relevant€to€someÐ è 8  Ðmaterial€issue€in€the€trial€of€the€other€offenses,€and€that€the€probative€value€of€the€evidence€of€otherÐ Ô$  Ðoffenses€is€not€outweighed€by€the€prejudicial€effect€on€the€defendant.€€òòId.óó€at€445.€€Unlike€theÐ À  Ðmajority,€I€would€conclude€that€these€requirements€were€satisfied€in€the€present€case.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà@ëë ìàòòCommon€Scheme€or€PlanóóˆÐ „Ô  ÐÌà  àFirst,€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€finding€that€the€evidence€of€the€offensesÐ \¬ Ðon€March€1€and€April€9,€1998,€established€a€common€scheme€or€plan.€€A€common€scheme€or€planÐ H˜ Ðmay€be€shown€where€(1)€the€offenses€reveal€a€distinctive€design€or€are€so€similar€as€to€constituteÐ 4„ Ðð ðsignatureðð€crimes,€(2)€the€offenses€are€part€of€a€larger€continuing€plan€or€conspiracy,€or€(3)€theÐ  p Ðoffenses€are€part€of€the€same€criminal€transaction.€€òòState€v.€Mooreóó,€6€S.W.3d€235,€240€(Tenn.€1999).€Ð  \ ÐOffenses€that€reveal€a€ð ðdistinctive€designðð€need€not€be€identical,€but€they€must€have€a€ð ðmodusÐ øH Ðoperandi€.€.€.€so€unique€and€distinctive€as€to€be€like€a€signature.ðð€€òòId.óó€€Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àAlthough€the€majority€correctly€notes€that€identity€was€not€a€material€issue€in€this€case,€theÐ ¼  Ðevidence€nonetheless€established€that€the€defendant€beat€the€victim€in€his€bedroom€on€March€1,Ð ¨ø Ð1998,€and€April€9,€1998;€that€the€defendant€beat€the€victim€as€ð ðpunishmentðð€for€poor€grades;€that€theÐ ”ä Ðdefendant€ordered€the€victim€to€bend€over;€that€the€defendant€struck€the€victim€in€the€back€orÐ €Ð Ðbuttocks;€and€that€the€defendant€used€an€unusually€distinctive€device,€òòi.e.óó,€a€braided€extension€cord,Ð l¼ Ðto€inflict€the€beatings.€€These€nearly€identical€circumstances,€particularly€the€defendantððs€use€of€aÐ X ¨ Ðunusual€device€for€inflicting€extreme€physical€pain,€demonstrated€the€defendantððs€distinctive€designÐ D!” Ðand€unique€method€in€committing€the€two€offenses.€€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àI€see€no€significant€differences€in€the€facts€of€the€two€offenses.€€Although€the€majority€notesÐ $X" Ðthat€the€defendant€and€the€victim€were€alone€during€the€March€1€offense€and€that€the€victim€wasÐ ô$D # Ðforced€to€bend€over€a€hamper€in€the€April€9€offense,€these€facts€are€of€little€weight€given€that€theÐ à%0!$ Ðdefendantððs€motive€and€method€of€punishment€were€precisely€the€same€in€each€offense.€€Similarly,Ð Ì&"% Ðalthough€the€majority€notes€that€the€defendant€wrapped€the€cord€around€the€victimððs€neck€during€theÐ ¸'#& ÐApril9€offense€and€used€it€to€sling€the€victim€around€the€room,€these€differences€were€due€only€toÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthe€fact€that€the€victim€resisted€the€beatings€during€this€offense.€€The€beating€itself€inflicted€asÐ )à$( Ðpunishment€by€the€defendant€was€precisely€the€same.€€Finally,€the€fact€that€the€extension€cord€wasÐ |*Ì%) Ðno€longer€wrapped€with€wire€in€the€offense€on€April9€did€not€change€the€distinctive€nature€of€theÐ h+¸&* Ðweapon€used€to€administer€the€beatings.€€Indeed,€the€extension€cord€remained€some€forty€inchesÐ ° Ðlong,€remained€braided€to€increase€its€thickness,€and€remained€nearly€two€inches€thick.Ð œì ÐÌà  àFinally,€the€cases€cited€by€the€majority€are€distinguishable.€€In€òòShirleyóó,€for€example,€the€CourtÐ tÄ Ðconcluded€that€the€defendantððs€use€of€a€ski€mask,€gloves,€and€a€gun€to€commit€several€armedÐ `° Ðrobberies€did€not€constitute€a€common€scheme€or€plan€given€the€lack€of€any€unique€or€ð ðsignatureððÐ L œ Ðfacts.€€òòShirleyóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€249.€€The€Court€emphasized€that€the€defendant€had€worn€differentÐ 8 ˆ Ðclothing€in€the€robberies,€used€different€methods€of€committing€the€offense,€and€used€different€meansÐ $ t Ðof€escape€after€each€of€the€offenses.€€Similarly,€in€òòMooreóó,€the€Court€held€that€there€had€been€noÐ  ` Ðcommon€scheme€or€plan,ò òò òó óó ó€noting€numerous€substantial€differences€in€the€offenses€including€theÐ ü L  Ðdefendantððs€use€of€a€hammer€and€electrical€cord€to€commit€the€second€of€the€two€offenses.€€òòMooreóó,Ð è 8  Ð6€S.W.3d€at€241€n.9.€€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àIn€sum,€I€would€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€finding€that€theÐ ¬ü  Ðevidence€of€the€offenses€on€March€1€and€April€9,€1998,€established€a€common€scheme€or€plan.Ð ˜è  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àÌà@¶¶#ìàòòMaterial€IssueóóˆÐ pÀ ÐÌà  àNext,€I€believe€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€finding€that€evidence€of€oneÐ H˜ Ðoffense€would€have€been€admissible€in€a€trial€of€the€other€offense€had€they€been€tried€separately.€Ð 4„ ÐAlthough€evidence€of€a€common€scheme€or€plan€is€most€often€used€where€identity€of€the€perpetratorÐ  p Ðis€a€material€issue,€it€is€not€strictly€limited€to€that€purpose.€€òòSeeóó€òòMooreóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€239€n.5.€€TheÐ  \ Ðtrial€court€recognized€that€identity€was€not€a€material€issue€in€this€case,€but€it€found€that€the€offensesÐ øH Ðwere€relevant€to€establish€the€defendantððs€culpable€mental€state€and€to€establish€that€the€injuriesÐ ä4 Ðsuffered€by€the€victim€were€not€the€result€of€accidental€means.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„15„401.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€majority€concludes€that€the€offenses€were€not€relevant€to€intent€or€any€other€materialÐ ¨ø Ðissue.€€While€the€majority€correctly€states€that€child€abuse€is€a€ð ðnature€of€conductðð€offense,€òòseeóó€òòStateÐ ”ä Ðv.€Duckeróó,€27€S.W.3d€889,€896„97€(Tenn.€2000),€that€does€not€resolve€the€issue.€€The€charges€in€thisÐ €Ð Ðcase€were€òòaggravatedóó€child€abuse.€€The€prosecution€was€required€to€establish€that€the€defendantÐ l¼ Ðknowingly€treated€the€victim€in€a€manner€that€caused€injury€and€that€the€defendant€did€so€byÐ X ¨ Ðemploying€a€ð ðdeadly€weapon.ðð€€The€latter€issue€required€the€jury€to€determine€whether€the€defendantÐ D!” Ðused€a€device€that€was€ð ðdesigned,€made€or€adapted€òòfor€the€purpose€of€inflicting€death€or€seriousÐ 0"€  Ðbodily€injuryóóðð€or€was€ð ðin€the€manner€of€its€òòuse€or€intended€use€óócapable€of€causing€death€or€seriousÐ #l! Ðbodily€injury.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„15„402(a)€(emphasis€added).€€Accordingly,€I€would€concludeÐ $X" Ðthat€the€offenses€were€admissible€for€the€jury€to€consider€the€defendantððs€motive,€purpose,€and€intentÐ ô$D # Ðin€using€the€braided€extension€cord€as€it€related€to€the€required€element€of€ð ðdeadly€weapon.ðð€€I€alsoÐ à%0!$ Ðbelieve€that€the€offenses€were€admissible€to€rebut€the€theory€that€the€offenses€were€committedÐ Ì&"% Ðthrough€ð ðaccidental€means.ðð€€òòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„15„401.€€In€sum,€I€believe€that€the€trial€courtÐ ¸'#& Ðdid€not€abuse€its€discretion.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌÐ  |*Ì%) Ðà@ff#ìàòòProbative€ValueóóˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àFinally,€I€would€conclude€that€the€probative€value€of€the€offenses€was€not€outweighed€by€theÐ ˆØ Ðrisk€of€unfair€prejudice€to€the€defendant.€€As€I€have€discussed,€the€offenses€established€a€commonÐ tÄ Ðscheme€or€plan€that€was€relevant€to€and€probative€of€material€issues€at€trial.€€Moreover,€the€recordÐ `° Ðreveals€that€these€offenses€focused€on€the€device€used€by€the€defendant€to€inflict€the€punishment€andÐ L œ Ðwhether€the€defendant€knowingly€used€a€deadly€weapon€to€inflict€serious€bodily€injuries€to€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðvictim.€€The€evidence€did€not€focus€on€the€defendantððs€propensity€to€engage€in€this€conduct€ð!ð€indeed,Ð $ t Ðalthough€the€defendant€denied€the€March€1€incident,€he€expressly€asserted€to€police€and€during€trialÐ  ` Ðthat€he€had€the€right€to€punish€the€victim€in€this€manner€for€poor€grades.Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€I€would€affirm€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appealsðð€conclusion€that€the€trial€courtÐ Ô$  Ðdid€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€consolidating€the€March€1€and€April€9,€1998€offenses.Ð À  ÐÌà  àà ` àà@3 3 ìàò òEvidence€of€Prior€Acts€by€the€Defendantó óˆÐ ˜è  ÐÌà  àThe€majority€has€concluded€that€the€error€in€consolidation€the€two€offenses€was€reversibleÐ pÀ Ðerror€when€combined€with€the€trial€courtððs€decision€to€admit€evidence€that€the€defendant€had€beatenÐ \¬ Ðthe€victim€and€the€victimððs€half„brother€before€the€offenses€took€place€on€March€1€and€April€9,€1998.€Ð H˜ ÐAlthough€I€fully€agree€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€this€evidence,€I€disagree€that€the€errorÐ 4„ Ðaffected€the€verdict€of€the€jury€and€I€would€therefore€affirm€the€Court€of€Criminal€AppealsððÐ  p Ðjudgment.Ð  \ ÐÌà  àThe€victim€testified€that€the€defendant€began€beating€him€with€a€weight€belt€when€he€was€inÐ ä4 Ðthe€eighth€grade,€which€was€some€four€years€before€the€incidents€that€occurred€on€March€1€andÐ Ð  ÐApril9,€1998.€€The€beatings€occurred€whenever€the€victim€or€his€half„brother€received€a€grade€lowerÐ ¼  Ðthan€a€ð ðB.ðð€€The€victim€described€that€the€defendant€would€first€tell€him€to€bend€over€and€then€hitÐ ¨ø Ðhim€with€the€weight€belt€ð ðon€the€back€or€the€butt.ðð€€The€victim€said€that€the€pain€from€the€beatingsÐ ”ä Ðlasted€ð ðsometimes€weeks,€sometimes€days.ðð€€The€victimððs€half„brother€also€testified€that€theÐ €Ð Ðdefendant€had€spanked€him€for€poor€grades€on€several€occasions.Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àIn€ruling€that€the€testimony€was€admissible,€the€trial€court€explained€that€it€would€ð ðallow€theÐ D!” Ðstate€to€bring€up€these€[incidents]€to€show€[the]€absence€of€mistake€or€lack€of€intent.ðð€€The€trial€courtÐ 0"€  Ðinstructed€the€jury€as€follows:Ð #l! ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIððm€allowing€the€testimony€to€be€presented€to€the€jury€at€this€timeÐ ô$D # Ðabout€prior€incidents.€€òòNow,€Iððm€not€allowing€this€testimony€to€showÐ à%0!$ Ðthat€[the€defendant]€has€a€propensity€to€commit€this€type€of€conductÐ Ì&"% Ðor€habitually€committed€this€type€of€conduct€[and]€youððre€not€to€findÐ ¸'#& Ðout€whether€[the€defendant]€committed€these€offenses€on€any€otherÐ ¤(ô#' Ðdaysóó.€€Iððm€only€allowing€this€evidence€in€because€the€defense€in€thisÐ )à$( Ðâ âcase€is€that€this€was€not€an€intentional,€knowing€act€on€this€particularÐ |*Ì%) Ðday,€that€there€was€no€intent€to€commit€the€crime€of€aggravated€childÐ ° Ðabuse,€that€it€was€an€accident.€€Ðœì` x` x Ðâ âÌ(Emphasis€added).€€The€trial€court€also€instructed€the€jury€that€it€was€to€ð ðconsider€[the]€testimonyÐ tÄ Ðabout€prior€incidents€as€going€towardðð€the€dates€of€March€1€and€April9,€1998.Ð `° ÐÌà  àAs€the€majority€correctly€observes,€evidence€showing€that€the€defendant€ð ðhas€committedÐ 8 ˆ Ðsome€other€crime€wholly€independent€of€that€for€which€he€is€charged,€even€though€it€is€a€crime€ofÐ $ t Ðthe€same€character,€is€usually€not€admissible€.€.€.€.ðð€€òòState€v.€Mallardóó,€40€S.W.3d€473,€487€(Tenn.Ð  ` Ð2001)€(quoting€òòBunch€v.€Stateóó,€605€S.W.2d€227,€229€(Tenn.€1980));€òòsee€alsoóóTenn.€R.€Evid.€404(b).€Ð ü L  ÐThe€rule€recognizes€that€ð ðthe€jury€could€be€tempted€to€convict€solely€upon€a€defendantððs€propensityÐ è 8  Ðto€commit€crimes€rather€than€convict€solely€upon€evidence€relating€to€the€charged€offense.ðð€€òòSpiceróó,Ð Ô$  Ð12€S.W.3d€at€448.€€òòóóEvidence€of€prior€crimes,€wrongs€or€acts,€however,€may€be€admissible€forÐ À  Ðpurposes€other€than€establishing€a€defendantððs€character€or€propensity€to€engage€in€conduct,€such€asÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€ð ðmotive€of€the€defendant,€intent€of€the€defendant,€the€identity€of€the€defendant,€the€absence€ofÐ ˜è  Ðmistake€or€accident€if€that€is€a€defense,€and,€rarely,€the€existence€of€a€larger€continuing€plan,€scheme,Ð „Ô  Ðor€conspiracy€of€which€the€crime€on€trial€is€a€part.ðð€€òòState€v.€Gillilandóó,€22€S.W.3d€266,€271€n.6Ð pÀ Ð(Tenn.€2000).Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àThe€critical€issue€presented€is€whether€the€evidence€of€the€defendantððs€prior€beatings€of€theÐ 4„ Ðvictim€was€used€solely€to€establish€the€defendantððs€propensity€or€character€or€whether€the€evidenceÐ  p Ðwas€admissible€for€some€other€purpose.€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€evidence€of€prior€acts€wasÐ  \ Ðrelevant€to€show€that€the€offenses€on€March€1€and€April€9,€1998,€were€intentional€and€that€theÐ øH Ðoffenses€were€not€accidental.€€The€trial€court€attempted€to€give€the€jury€an€instruction€limiting€itsÐ ä4 Ðconsideration€of€the€evidence€to€this€purpose.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àI€agree€with€the€majority€that€the€trial€courtððs€findings€were€not€supported€by€the€record.€€TheÐ ¨ø Ðtrial€court€did€not€explain€exactly€how€the€evidence€of€any€prior€beatings,€which€did€òònotóóinvolve€theÐ ”ä Ðdefendantððs€use€of€a€braided€extension€cord,€were€probative€to€show€the€defendantððs€intent€or€toÐ €Ð Ðshow€that€the€offenses€were€not€accidental€on€March€1€and€April€9,€1998.€€Moreover,€the€trial€courtÐ l¼ Ðdid€not€balance€the€probative€value€of€the€evidence€against€the€danger€of€its€unfair€prejudice€inÐ X ¨ Ðshowing€the€defendantððs€propensity€or€character€as€required€by€Rule€404(b).Ð D!” ÐÌà  àI€disagree,€however,€with€the€majorityððs€conclusion€that€the€trial€courtððs€error€affected€theÐ #l! Ðjuryððs€verdict€or€prejudiced€the€judicial€process.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b).€€The€evidence€of€theÐ $X" Ðdefendantððs€guilt€was€overwhelming.€€The€victim€testified€that€the€defendant€beat€him€on€March€1,Ð ô$D # Ð1998,€with€a€braided€extension€cord€that€was€wrapped€with€coat€hangers€and€duct€tape.€€The€victimÐ à%0!$ Ðalso€testified€the€beating€caused€ð ðnumbnessðð€and€ð ða€real€painðð€that€ð ðincrease[d]ðð€and€ð ðhurt€real€bad.ðð€Ð Ì&"% ÐThe€victim€also€testified€that€the€defendant€again€beat€him€with€the€braided€extension€cord,€chokedÐ ¸'#& Ðhim,€and€threw€him€against€a€wall€on€April€9,€1998,€and€that€he€was€in€ð ðlots€of€painðð€and€ð ðhurtingÐ ¤(ô#' Ðreal€bad.ðð€€The€extension€cord,€which€was€admitted€into€evidence,€was€approximately€forty€inchesÐ )à$( Ðlong€and€two€inches€thick.€€Several€witnesses€described€the€victimððs€distraught€demeanor€and€severeÐ |*Ì%) Ðinjuries€following€the€offense€on€April9,€1998.€€Although€the€defendant€denied€the€March€1€offense,Ð h+¸&* Ðhe€admitted€that€he€beat€the€victim€during€the€April€9€incident€as€punishment€for€the€victimððs€grades.€Ð ° ÐThe€defendantððs€wife€also€testified€about€this€incident.Ð œì ÐÌà  àAlthough€I€recognize€that€the€evidence€of€prior€acts€may€have€bolstered€the€victimððsÐ tÄ Ðtestimony€by€showing€the€defendantððs€propensity€to€engage€in€this€conduct,€the€record€reveals€thatÐ `° Ðthe€evidence€of€the€prior€acts€was€not€lengthy,€overly€graphic,€or€inflammatory.€€Moreover,€the€priorÐ L œ Ðacts€did€not€involve€the€use€of€the€braided€extension€cord€wrapped€with€coat€hangers€and€duct€tapeÐ 8 ˆ Ðused€in€the€offense€on€March1,€1998,€or€the€braided€extension€cord€used€in€the€offense€on€April€9,Ð $ t Ð1998.Ð  ` ÐÌà  àIn€short,€the€main€issues€for€the€juryððs€determination€was€whether€the€defendant€knowinglyÐ è 8  Ðtreated€the€victim€in€a€manner€as€to€inflict€injury€and€whether€he€used€a€ð ðdeadly€weaponðð€to€inflictÐ Ô$  Ðserious€bodily€injury,€òòi.e.óó,€ð ðextreme€physical€painðð€on€the€victim.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(5)Ð À  Ð(1997).€€The€defendantððs€fashioning€of€the€braided€extension€cord€for€the€specific€purpose€of€beatingÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€victim,€when€coupled€with€the€victimððs€description€of€the€pain€and€injuries€inflicted€by€theÐ ˜è  Ðdefendantððs€use€of€the€braided€extension€cord€on€March€1€and€April€9,€1998,€overwhelminglyÐ „Ô  Ðestablished€these€elements.€€The€jury€obviously€accredited€the€victimððs€testimony.€€As€this€Court€hasÐ pÀ Ðsaid,€ð ðthe€more€the€evidence€exceeds€that€which€is€necessary€to€support€a€finding€of€guilt€beyond€aÐ \¬ Ðreasonable€doubt,€the€less€likely€it€becomes€that€an€error€affirmatively€affected€the€outcome€of€theÐ H˜ Ðtrial€on€its€merits.ðð€€òòGillilandóó,€22€S.W.3d€at€274.€€Accordingly,€given€the€strength€of€the€evidence,Ð 4„ ÐI€would€affirm€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appealsðð€conclusion€that€the€trial€courtððs€error€in€admitting€theÐ  p Ðevidence€of€prior€acts€did€not€affect€the€result€of€the€trial.Ð  \ ÐÌà@  %ìàò òConclusionó óˆÐ ä4 ÐÌà  àIn€my€view,€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€by€consolidating€the€two€offenses€andÐ ¼  Ðthe€admission€of€prior€acts€of€abuse€did€not€affect€the€juryððs€verdict.€€I€therefore€dissent€and€wouldÐ ¨ø Ðaffirm€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appealsðð€judgment.Ð ”ä ЀÔ‡XïPXXXïPÔÐ €Ð Ðà  àÔ#†XïPXXXïP#g#ÔÔ‡XïPXXXïPÔÌà  àÌò òó óà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà0  à___________________________________€ÐD!”(#(# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àE.€RILEY€ANDERSON,€JUSTICEÐ 0"€  ÐÌÔ#†XïPXXXïP†g#Ô