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X      YYY FILEDX January24,1997CecilCrowson,Jr.AppellateCourtClerk  \\RA'\ %  ! X      YYY FILEDX January24,1997CecilCrowson,Jr.AppellateCourtClerk PtPtHH(FG(HH(d'hStyl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Geneva   h HD: Geneva  h HD: Geneva *&+(&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK&C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd  ! . X   \RA'\      8 )  &      ,   ` ` X\RA'\ 0 INTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEESPECIALWORKERS'COMPENSATIONAPPEALSPANELATJACKSON(August29,1996Session)   ` XCLIFFORDJ.KAPP,   )DECATURCIRCUIT      )̀PlaintiffAppellee, )Hon.C.CreedMcGinley,      )Judge.v.      )      )No.02S019606CV00054R/0.A1-j|#`  `@RTRANSWAY,INC.,   )      )̀DefendantAppellant.ԀԀ)ForAppellant:ForAppellee:CharlesO.McPhersonGeorgeL.MorrisonLeitner,Warner,MoffittWilliamsJackson,TennesseeDooley&NapolitanMemphis,Tennessee   ` ` XMEMORANDUMOPINIONMembersofPanel:LyleReid,AssociateJustice,SupremeCourtF.LloydTatum,SpecialJudgeJoeC.Loser,Jr.,SpecialJudge'     ` X   ` ` X   ` X  REVERSEDLoser,Judge     ` ` XMEMORANDUMOPINION rA   ` X  Thisworkers'compensationappealhasbeenreferredtotheSpecialWorkers'CompensationAppealsPaneloftheSupremeCourtinaccordancewithTenn.CodeAnn.section506225(e)(3)forhearingandreportingoffindingsoffactandconclusionsoflaw.Inthisappeal,theemployercontendstheevidencepreponderatesagainstthetrialcourt'sfindingthattheemployeesufferedapermanentinjuryarisingoutoftheemployment.Asdiscussedbelow,thepanelhasconcludedtheawardofpermanentdisabilitybenefitsshouldbereversed.  Theemployeeorclaimant,Kapp,wasemployedbytheemployer,Transway,onSeptember29,1994asatruckdriver.Onthatday,theclaimantandacoworkerwereunloadingatubfromatrailerwhenthecoworkerdroppedhisend,causingtheclaimanttofalltothefloor.  Hereceivedemergencycareatanearbyhospitalandwasreleasedthesameday.Sincethattime,hehasseennumerousdoctors.  Dr.MichaelSmelser,ageneralpractitioner,treatedtheclaimantforpainonthreeoccasions.Heperformedaneurologicalexamination,whichwasnormal.WefindintherecordnoevidencethatDr.Smelserfoundanypermanentinjuryorimpairment.  Dr.JosephP.Rowland,aneurosurgeon,sawtheclaimantthreeorfourtimes.Dr.Rowlandconductedathoroughneurologicalexaminationandorderedscientifictests,theresultsofwhichwerenormal.  Dr.MarkS.Harriman,anorthopedicsurgeon,wasunabletofindanyobjectiveevidenceofinjury.Hefoundnoevidenceofpermanentmedicalimpairment.  Dr.RoyPageexaminedtheclaimantandfoundnoabnormality.Dr.JamesH.Owensconductedanextensiveexaminationandfoundnobasisfortheclaimant'scomplaintofpain.  TheonlydoctorwhofoundanypermanentimpairmentwasDr.StephenL.Gipson,apainmanagementdoctor.Onthebasisofcomplaintsofchronicbackpain,thisdoctorassignedapermanentimpairmentratingofelevenpercenttothewholebody.Allofthemedicalevidencewasbydepositionorwrittenreports.Theclaimanthasnotreturnedtowork.  Thetrialcourtfoundtheclaimanttobeonehundredpercentpermanentlydisabledandawardedthepaymentofbenefitsforfourhundredweeks.Appellatereviewisdenovoupontherecordofthetrialcourt,accompaniedbyapresumptionofcorrectnessofthefindingsoffact,unlessthepreponderanceoftheevidenceisotherwise.Tenn.CodeAnn.section506225(e)(2).Thistribunalisrequiredtoconductanindependentexaminationoftherecordtodeterminewherethepreponderanceoftheevidencelies.Gallowayv.MemphisDrumService,822S.W.2d584,586(Tenn.1991).  ThepartyclaimingthebenefitsoftheWorkers'CompensationActhastheburdenofprooftoestablishhisclaimbyapreponderanceoftheevidence.Anawardmaynotbebasedonconjecture.Parkerv.RyderTruckLines,Inc.,591S.W.2d755(Tenn.1979).Unlessadmittedbytheemployer,theemployeehastheburdenofprovingeveryessentialelementofhisclaim.Mazanecv.AetnaIns.Co.,491S.W.2d616(Tenn.1973).Theemployeemustprove,amongotherthings,thathisinjurywasonearisingoutofandinthecourseofemployment.  Inordertoestablishthataninjurywasonearisingoutoftheemployment,thecauseoftheinjurymustbeproved;andiftheclaimisforpermanentdisabilitybenefits,permanencymustbeproved.Inallbutthemostobviouscases,causationandpermanencymayonlybeestablishedthroughexpertmedicaltestimony.Corcoranv.FosterAutoGMC,Inc.,746S.W.2d452(Tenn.1988).  ForinjuriesoccurringonorafterAugust1,1992,anawardofpermanentdisabilitybenefitsmaynotexceedsixtimesthemedicalimpairmentratingunlessthreeofthefollowingconditionsareestablishedbyclearandconvincingevidenceonthedatetheemployeereachedmaximummedicalimprovement:theemployeelackedahighschooldiplomaorgeneralequivalencydiplomaorcouldnotreadorwriteonagradeeightlevel;theemployeewasage55orolder;theemployeehadnoreasonablytransferablejobskillsfrompriorbackgroundandtraining;andtheemployeehadnoreasonableemploymentopportunitiesavailablelocallyconsideringtheemployee'spermanentmedicalcondition.Tenn.CodeAnn.sections506241and242.Generally,expertvocationaltestimonyisnecessarytoestablishthethirdand/orfourthconditionsbyclearandconvincingevidence.  Fromourindependentexaminationoftheevidence,particularlytheextensivemedicalevidenceandabsenceofexpertvocationalevidence,thepanelfindstheevidencetopreponderateagainstthefindingofthetrialcourtandinfavorofafindingthattheclaimantisnotpermanentlydisabledasaresultofaninjuryarisingoutoftheemployment.  Thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisaccordinglyreversed.Costsonappealaretaxedtotheplaintiffappellee. *b   ` ` X_______________________________   ӀJoeC.Loser,Jr.,Judge   ` XCONCUR:_________________________________LyleReid,AssociateJustice_________________________________F.LloydTatum,Judge1 `   8    @ INTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEE@ ATJACKSONCLIFFORDJ.KAPP,  ) DECATURCIRCUIT      ) No.2118T.D.Below      ) Appellee,    )      ) Hon.C.CreedMcGinley,v.      ) Judge      )      ) No.02S019606CV00054J/2;+'b|h`  `@JTRANSWAY,INC.,   )      ) Appellant.    )@ JUDGMENTORDER  ThiscaseisbeforetheCourtuponmotionforreviewpursuanttoTenn.CodeAnn.506225(e)(5)(B),theentirerecord,includingtheorderofreferraltotheSpecialWorkers'CompensationAppealsPanel,andthePanel'sMemorandumOpinionsettingforthitsfindingsoffactandconclusionsoflaw,whichareincorporatedhereinbyreference;  Whereupon,itappearstotheCourtthatthemotionforreviewisnotwelltakenandshouldbedenied;and  Itis,therefore,orderedthatthePanel'sfindingsoffactandconclusionsoflawareadoptedandaffirmed,andthedecisionofthePanelismadethejudgmentoftheCourt.   Costsonappealaretaxedtotheplaintiffappellee.  ITISSOORDEREDthis____dayof______,1997.      PERCURIAMReid,J.Notparticipating.