ÿWPC …UBV %˜U .žrÌ 0> Ë n®Û 0r‰ û w@û 4; 0JO 0T™ 0^í 0hK 0r³ 0|% 0†¡ 0' 1u· 0d,B)©DCÒ AM,b BŽv~«vÓ) D3ü 0@/ AOoƾ 0D„ D/È B÷ô\  `*Times New RomanTTô"ÝÆÿA€ArialTT'    0 .   (e2‘ž$©©Ý ƒ ÿ„!ÝÔ€XDjXôôÔÔ€X~ùXXXDjÔÓ  ÓÝ  Ý3|x8«ô\  `*Times New RomanTTôôCô\  PŽ6QôP"ÝÆÿA€ArialTTomanTTXXaÝÆÿptQXpô\  `*Times New RomanTT¼¼^ô\  PŽ6Q¼Pô\  `*Times New RomanTT,,)ô\  PŽ6Q,P(Jÿ„$¡¡Ô€X„^XôôÔÔ€X^ÔXXX„^ÔÓ  Ó $D%&U'D(P)D*P+V,V-Ó€©U!2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ Ý ƒ !ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ôÔÔ€XÔÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÔ@  ÔÚ  ÚÚ  ÚÔA  ÔÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓ% Line 7 d!!!!7Border 1dd€-"Cþÿ << Gÿÿ "Ý ƒ !ÝÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÔ€ôÔÔ€XÔÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌò òOctober€15,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó dPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Geneva ÒÒ  BA Op Geneva Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ !ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÔ€ôÔÔ€XÔÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÖ€ ÖÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ&  ÔÔ€¼ÔÔ€ÔIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌSPECIAL€WORKERS'€COMPENSATION€APPEALS€PANELÌÙ€€ÙßL€#$";+'h|` Å `€€LßÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌ(March€6,€1996€Session)ÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓVANESSA€PHILLIPS,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€€€€€ÏJEFFERSON€CIRCUITÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€,Ô€Ô€¼Ô€Ô€,Ô€€Ô€¼Ô€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Plaintiff„Appellee,€€€€€€€)€€€€€€€Hon.€Ben€W.€Hooper,€II,Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€,Ô€€Ô€¼Ô€€€€€€)€€€€€€€JudgeÌv.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€€€€€€No.€03S01„9512„CV„00128ÌPENNSYLVANIA€NATIONAL€€€€€€Ô€,Ô€€Ô€¼Ô€€€)ÌINSURANCE€COMPANY,€€€€€€€€€€Ô€,Ô€€Ô€¼Ô€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Defendant„Appellant.€€Ô€,Ô€€€Ô€¼Ô€€€)ÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€òòFor€Appellee:ÌóóÌJ.€Brent€Nolan€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€P.€Richard€TalleyÌClinton,€Tennessee€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Dandridge,€TennesseeÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓòòM€E€M€O€R€A€N€D€U€M€€€€O€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÌÌÌÌÌòòMembers€of€Panelóó:ÌÌPenny€J.€White,€Associate€Justice,€Supreme€CourtÌWilliam€H.€Inman,€Senior€JudgeÌJoe€C.€Loser,€Jr.,€Special€JudgeÌÌÔ'  ÔÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓÌÓ  ÓREVERSED€AND€DISMISSED€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Loser,ÏJudgeÓ ¹ ÓÌÓ€Óà àà àà àThis€workers'€compensation€appeal€has€been€referred€toÏthe€Special€Workers'€Compensation€Appeals€Panel€of€the€Supreme€Court€inÏaccordance€with€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€section€50„6„225(e)(3)€for€hearing€andÏreporting€of€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law.€€In€this€appeal,€theÏemployer€contends€(1)€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trialÏcourt's€finding€that€the€employee€suffered€an€injury€by€accident€in€theÏcourse€of€her€employment,€(2)€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€theÏtrial€court's€finding€that€the€employee's€permanent€impairment€is€causallyÏrelated€to€her€employment,€(3)€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€awardingÏmedical€expenses€of€an€unauthorized€provider,€and€(4)€that€the€trial€courtÏabused€its€discretion€with€respect€to€the€award€of€discretionary€costs.€€TheÏpanel€concludes€that€the€judgment€should€be€reversed,€for€the€reasons€setÏforth€below.Ó rAÓÌà àà àThe€employee€or€claimant,€Vanessa€Phillips,€now€VanessaÏDunkhase,€is€a€thirty„three€year€old€graduate€of€Jefferson€County€HighÏSchool,€who€was€employed€as€a€boarder€for€Tennessee€Machine€&€Hosiery.€ÏThe€employer€manufactures€socks,€among€other€things.€€In€the€productionÍprocess,€damp€socks€are€delivered€in€boxes€or€buggies€to€a€pressingÏmachine,€where€boarders€remove€them€one€at€a€time€and€place€them€on€aÏform€to€be€machine€dried€and€pressed€before€being€packaged€for€deliveryÏand€sale.Ìà àà àOn€February€2,€1993,€the€claimant€was€treated€by€a€dentist€forÏan€abscessed€tooth.€€The€next€day,€she€asked€to€be€excused€from€work,€butÏthe€request€was€denied€by€the€employer.Ìà àà àAfter€working€a€full€shift€for€another€employer,€Hardee's,€sheÏreported€to€work€at€approximately€3:30€p.m.€€About€an€hour€later,€she€ranÏto€the€bathroom€crying.€€Another€employee€checked€on€her€but€she€did€notÏclaim€any€work€related€injury.€€The€co„worker€summoned€the€claimant'sÏsupervisor,€Jim€Sullivan.€€The€claimant€told€Sullivan€that€she€was€sick€withÏan€upset€stomach€and€that€her€back€had€been€hurting€all€day.€€She€wasÏexcused€from€working€the€rest€of€the€shift.Ìà àà àThe€next€day,€the€claimant€sought€out€Marta€Cogburn,€a€nurseÏpractitioner€at€the€Parrotsville€Clinic.€€She€told€Ms.€Cogburn€that€she€hadÏbeen€in€pain€since€awakening€on€the€previous€day,€but€did€not€relate€anyÏaccident€at€work€or€otherwise.€€We€find€no€credible€proof€in€the€record€ofÏa€sudden€onset€of€pain,€repetitive€trauma€resulting€in€anatomical€change,Ïaggravation€of€a€pre„existing€condition€or€fortuitous€event€at€work.Ìà àà àOn€February€12,€1993,€the€claimant€contacted€Sullivan€to€sayÍthat€she€wished€to€file€a€workers'€compensation€claim.€€Sullivan€arranged€aÏmeeting€between€her€and€the€plant€manager,€Bob€Lane.€€That€meetingÏoccurred€on€February€16,€1993€and,€although€the€claimant€still€did€notÏreport€any€work€related€accident,€she€was€given€a€list€of€doctors€fromÏwhich€to€choose€a€treating€physician.€€She€selected€Dr.€Wayne€Page,€whoÏtreated€and€immediately€released€her€to€return€to€work..023Ìà àà àThe€employer's€insurer,€Pennsylvania€National,€provided€aÏsecond€list€of€doctors,€from€which€the€claimant€selected€Dr.€ArcherÏBishop.€€Dr.€Bishop€saw€her€once€and€released€her€to€return€to€work.€ÏWithout€consulting€the€employer€or€its€insurer,€the€claimant€visited€severalÏother€doctors,€not€on€either€list.Ìà àà àDoctor€Charles€Gouffon€found€nothing€to€justify€herÏcomplaints€of€pain.€€Dr.€William€Gutch€assessed€her€permanent€impairmentÏat€five€percent€and,€on€her€history,€opined€that€her€pain€was€caused€by€herÏwork€for€the€employer.€€He€later€increased€his€opinion€of€permanentÏimpairment€to€nine€percent.Ìà àà àDr.€John€H€Kinser€assessed€her€permanent€impairment€atÏnineteen€percent€to€the€body€as€a€whole€from€loss€of€motion.€€Dr.€GilbertÏL.€Hyde€assessed€her€permanent€impairment€ten€percent€to€the€whole€bodyÏbased€on€pain.Ìà àà àExpert€opinions€of€her€industrial€disability€range€from€none€toÍfifty„seven€percent,€depending€on€her€restrictions,€but€there€was€none€thatÏshe€could€not€return€to€work€for€the€employer€as€a€boarder,€even€with€herÏrestrictions.€€The€claimant€has€returned€to€her€job€at€Hardee's.Ìà àà àThe€trial€judge€found€that€the€claimant€had€suffered€aÏcompensable€injury€and€awarded€the€claimant€her€medical€expenses€andÏpermanent€partial€disability€benefits€based€on€thirty„five€percent€to€theÏbody€as€a€whole.€€Appellate€review€is€de€novo€on€the€record€of€the€trialÏcourt,€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctness€of€the€findings€of€fact,Ïunless€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence€is€otherwise.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïsection€50„6„225(e)(2).€€This€tribunal€is€required€to€conduct€an€independentÏexamination€of€the€record€to€determine€where€the€preponderance€of€theÏevidence€lies.€€òòGalloway€v.€Memphis€Drum€Serviceóó,€822€€S.W.2d€€584,€586Ï(Tenn.€1991).Ìà àà àUnder€the€Tennessee€Workers'€Compensation€Law,€injuries€byÏaccident€arising€out€of€and€in€the€course€of€employment€which€cause€eitherÏdisablement€or€death€of€the€employee,€and€occupational€diseases€arising€outÏof€and€in€the€course€of€employment€which€cause€either€disablement€orÏdeath€of€the€employee€are€compensable.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€section€50„6„102(a)(5).€€Ms.€Phillips€is€seeking€benefits€for€a€claimed€injury€by€accident.Ìà àà àAn€accidental€injury€is€one€which€cannot€be€reasonablyÏanticipated,€is€unexpected€and€is€precipitated€by€unusual€combinations€ofÏfortuitous€circumstances.€€òòFink€v.€Caudleóó,€856€€S.W.2d€€952€(Tenn.€1993).€ÍThe€term€"injury"€includes€whatever€lesion€or€change€to€any€part€of€theÏsystem€that€produces€harm€or€pain€or€lessened€facility€of€the€natural€use€ofÏany€bodily€activity€or€capability.€€òòIdóó.€€The€panel€finds€that€the€evidenceÏpreponderates€against€a€finding€that€the€claimant€suffered€an€accidentalÏinjury€at€Tennessee€Machine€&€Hosiery€on€February€3,€1993,€as€claimed.Ìà àà àSince€there€was€no€injury€by€accident,€it€is€immaterial€whetherÏthe€claimant's€permanent€impairment€is€causally€related€to€herÏemployment.Ìà àà àIf€the€claimant's€injury€were€found€to€be€compensable,€theÏemployer€or€its€insurer€would€be€required€to€provide,€free€of€charge€to€theÏemployee,€all€medical€care€reasonably€necessary€on€account€of€the€injury.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€section€50„6„204.€€However,€the€employee€is€required€toÏaccept€the€medical€care€provided€by€the€employer€and€must€consult€withÏthe€employer€before€choosing€a€treating€physician,€and,€unless€theÏemployee€has€a€reasonable€excuse€for€the€failure€to€consult€with€theÏemployer€first,€the€injured€employee€may€be€responsible€for€her€ownÏmedical€expenses.€€òòEmerson€Electric€Co.€v.€Forrestóó,€536€€S.W.2d€€343Ï(Tenn.€1976).€€The€evidence€preponderates€against€any€finding€that€theÏclaimant€had€the€required€reasonable€excuse.Ìà àà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€accordingly€reversed€and€theÏcase€dismissed.€€Costs€on€appeal€are€taxed€to€the€plaintiff„appellee.ÌÓ *bÓà àà àà àà àà àà àÓ ` ` ‹XÓ______________________________Ó ÓÌÓ  Ó€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Joe€C.€Loser,€Jr.,€JudgeÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌPenny€J.€White,€Associate€JusticeÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌWilliam€H.€Inman,€Senior€JudgeÌÇÇ