WPC$ 1# U: % 0 4 R'y R R% 0J% 0To 0^U,!wM 0hc 0r 0|= 0 0? 1u 0dD U, U* B) DC' 0Xj D3 B D+ AM= AM  AOzv~ 0D vQHP LaserJet 4 Plus/4M PlusHPPCL5E,,,,0,  AZ"Arial RegularX(H=$  HTR[A' Legal[A' LegalA' LegalA' LegalTX_XXX7XXdXXd7dO 4BtBB3|x#L$HtH+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR $cdefH2 0Indent123  2" 0Indent20 23  2, 0Indent30 0 23  <  9p`(ModernӀ"#26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23   ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` X<  9p`(Monaco<  9p`(Arial% Line 7 d####7Border 1dd(0"$       '''''dxd d'dxd-%$C << G-%$C << G  !  #d#"    H \RA'\#d#  " YYY   FILED"X May17,1996CecilCrowson,Jr.AppellateCourtClerk -%/(C` << CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5PtPtHH(FG(HH(d'@($$   1  Styl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Monaco   BA Op Monaco  BA Op Monaco ! . &!!Xd&#!!Xd#"    H \RA'\#Xd##Xd#  %  L*+$;+'h|` . `L@ INTHESUPREMECOURTOFTENNESSEE@ SPECIALWORKERS'COMPENSATIONAPPEALSPANEL@ ATNASHVILLE, JANUARY1996SESSION GARYREATHERFORD,   ) WAYNECIRCUIT      )  Plaintiff/Appellee   ) NO.01S019504CV00058      ) v.      )       ) HON.WILLIAMB.CAINLINCOLNBRASSWORKS,INC.  ) JUDGE      ) Defendant/Appellant  )      ) FortheAppellant:    FortheAppellee: MarkC.Travis    AndreaHuddlestonWimberly&Lawson   JaneM.Jennings929WestFirstNorthStreet  Hairrell&JenningsP.O.Box1066    P.O.DrawerHMorristown,TN37816   200MahrAvenue      Lawrenceburg,TN38464      @ MEMORANDUMOPINION @ JusticeFrankF.Drowota,III@ SeniorJudgeJohnK.Byers@ SpecialJudgeRobertL.Childers AFFIRMEDandREMANDED     BYERS,SeniorJudge  Thisworkers'compensationappealhasbeenreferredtotheSpecialWorkers'CompensationAppealsPaneloftheSupremeCourtinaccordancewithTenn.CodeAnn.506225(e)(3)forhearingandreportingtotheSupremeCourtoffindingsoffactandconclusionsoflaw. PlaintiffwasdoingconstructionworkattheLincolnBrassWorksfacility,movingtheemployeebreakroomfromonesideofthebuildingtoanother,whenanailflewintohisrighteye,requiringseveralsurgicalproceduresandresultingintotalpermanentlossofvisionintheeye.ThetrialjudgefoundthathewasastatutoryemployeeofLincolnBrassWorksandheldthecompanyliablefor100percentpermanentdisabilitytoplaintiff'srighteye. Weaffirmthejudgmentofthetrialcourt. Theonlyissuebeforeusisthestatusoftheplaintiffforworkers'compensationinsurancepurposes.Theplaintiffcontends,andthetrialjudgeheld,thathewasastatutoryemployeeandLincolnBrassWorkswasaprincipalcontractor(statutoryemployer)underTenn.CodeAnn.506113.LincolnBrassWorkscontendsplaintiffwaseitheranindependentcontractororacasualemployee. UnderTenn.CodeAnn.506113(a),"Aprincipal,orintermediatecontractor,orsubcontractorshallbeliableforcompensationtoanyemployeeinjuredwhileintheemployofanyofthesubcontractorsoftheprincipal,intermediatecontractor,orsubcontractorandengageduponthesubjectmatterofthecontracttothesameextentastheimmediateemployer,"(commonlyreferredtoasa"statutoryemployer"). Thiscourthasconsistentlyheldthatwhereabusinessenterpriseundertakestoactasitsownprincipalcontractorandcontractsdirectlywithasubcontractorforvariousphasesofconstructiononitsownpremises,thebusinessenterpriseissubjecttoliabilityimposedbytheWorkers'CompensationAct.Ackliev.Carrier,785S.W.2d355(Tenn.1990). LincolnBrassassertstheconstructionworkerswereindependentcontractorsratherthanstatutoryemployeesunderTenn.CodeAnn.506113(a).Thefactorstobeconsideredindeterminingwhetherarelationshiptotheprincipalwasthatofemployeeorindependentcontractorinclude:(1)therighttocontroltheconductofthework;(2)therighttotermination;(3)themethodofpayment;(4)whethertheallegedemployeefurnisheshisownhelpers;and(5)whethertheallegedemployeefurnisheshisowntools.Carverv.SpartaElectricSystem,690S.W.2d218(Tenn.1985). Theinjurysustainedbyplaintiffwastheresultofworkondefendant'spremises,duringconstructionofanewbreakroom.AsinAcklie,supra,theagreementswereoralandDavidSharpe,MaterialsManagerforthedefendant,testifiedthathesupervisedthejobfromstarttofinish.ThetwootherconstructionworkersalsotestifiedthatDavidSharpewasincontroloftheproject.AsinAcklie,supra,variousLincolnBrassemployeeshelpedwiththeworkandSharpecoordinatedthevariousphasesofthework.Further,Sharpetestifiedthatheassumedhehadtherighttofireanyonewhodidnotperformaccordingtohisexpectations,althoughitwasneverdiscussed. Therightofcontrolisthevitaltestindeterminingwhetheraworkerisanemployeeoranindependentcontractorforworkers'compensationpurposes.WootenTransports,Inc.,etal.v.Hunter,535SW2d858(Tenn.1976). Indeterminingwhetheraworkerisanemployeeoranindependentcontractorforworkers'compensationpurposes,itisthecourt'sdutytogivetheactaliberalconstructioninfavorofthefactthatoneisanemployeeratherthanastrictconstructionholdinghimtobeanindependentcontractor.Wooten,supra. LincolnBrassassertsthatinthealternative,plaintiffwasacasualemployeeasdefinedinTenn.CodeAnn.506106(2):"Anypersonwhoseemploymentatthetimeofinjuryiscasual,thatis,onewhoisnotemployedintheusualcourseoftrade,business,professionoroccupationoftheemployer."CasualemployeesarenotcoveredundertheWorkers'CompensationAct.Tenn.CodeAnn.506106(2). Maintenance,repair,painting,cleaningandthelikeare'inthecourse'ofbusinessbecausethebusinesscouldnotbecarriedoutwithoutthem,andbecausetheyarean%  %  expectable,routineandinherentpartofcarryingonanyenterprise.Armstrongv.Spears,393S.W.2d729(Tenn.1965);LarsononCompensation,51.Personsengagedinnecessarymaintenancearenotcasualemployeesforworkers'compensationpurposes.Smithv.LincolnMemorialUniversity,304S.W.2d70(Tenn.1957). Finally,wenotethatthepurposeoftheworkers'compensationstatuteistoinsure,asfaraspossibletoallworkerspaymentofbenefitswhentheyareinjuredinthecourseandscopeoftheiremploymentbypassingcoveragefromemployerswhomightnothavecoverageundertheWorkers'CompensationActtointermediateorprincipalcontractorswhodohavecoverage.Strattonv.UnitedInterMountainTelephone,695S.W.2d947(Tenn.1985). WefindthatplaintiffwasanemployeeofLincolnBrassWorksforpurposesofworkers'compensationcoverageandwethereforeaffirmthetrialcourt'sawardofworkers'compensationbenefits.Costsareassessedtotheappellant.Thecaseisremandedtothetrialcourtforentryofanyordersnecessarytocarryoutthisjudgment.                  ______________________________       JohnK.Byers,SeniorJudgeCONCUR:_______________________________FrankF.Drowota,III,Justice_______________________________RobertL.Childers,SpecialJudge