ÿWPCX …# VU:a %› 0û¡w@œ 4Ü ð ÿ 0J 0TQ 0^¥ 0h 0rk 0|Ý 0†Y 0ß 1uo 0däU*HB)rDC› AMÞ§+v~ÒvÓP B# D3@ 0@s AO³Æ 0DÈ D/  B;˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀäÌÀÀÌÀä0 , øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX(Óý,$¡¡Ñ  ÑÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÔ€XûXXXÔÑ7€>‚XXdðXXdð7Ñ D U D U U UDDÓ€©U!3|x2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d7Border 1dd€- Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ H ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌò òOctoberÏ15,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Geneva ÒÒ  BA Op Geneva Ò d%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ H ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÝ  ÝÓ  Óò ò›IN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÌSPECIAL€WORKERSðð€COMPENSATIONÏAPPEALS€PANELÌÙ€€ÙœßL€!" ;+'h|` à. `€€Lß›KNOXVILLE,€JULY€1996€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ ° Òó óGREENE€COUNTY,€TENNESSEEà à)à àGREENEÏCHANCERYÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àPlaintiff/Appelleeà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìv.à àà àà àà àà àà à),Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌLISA€WARD,€JARROD€WARD€and€à à)ÌJORDAN€WARD,à àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àDefendants/Appellantsà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.ÏDENNIS€H.€INMANÌGREENE€COUNTY,ÏTENNESSEEà à)à àCHANCELLORÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àPlaintiff/Appelleeà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌRobert€Jules€Desormeaux€andà àà à)ÌLORRAINE€DESORMEAUX,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àDefendants/Appellantsà àà à)à àNO.€Ï03S01„9510„CH„00116ÌÌÌÌÌò òòòFor€the€Appellants:à àà àà àFor€theÏAppellee:ÌÌó óóóJack€H.€Burkhardà àà àà àà àW.R.€Coleman,ÏJr.Ì102€South€Main€Streetà àà àà àJeffrey€M.€WardÌGreeneville,€TN€€37743à àà àà àMilligan€&ÍColemanÌà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€1060ÌJohn€T.€Milburn€Rogersà àà àà àGreeneville,€TN€€37744Ì100€South€Main€StreetÌGreeneville,€TN€€37743ÌÌÌÌÌÓ  Óò òòòM€E€M€O€R€A€N€D€U€M€€€O€P€I€N€I€O€NÌÌÌMembers€of€Panel:ÌÌó óóóÌPenny€J.€White,€JusticeÌRoger€E.€Thayer,€Special€JudgeÌJoe€C.€Loser,€Jr.,€Special€JudgeÌÌÌÌÓ  Óò òAFFIRMED.à àà àà àà àà àà àà àTHAYER,ÏSpecial€Judgeó óÌÓÓà àThis€workers'€compensation€appeal€has€been€referred€to€the€SpecialÏÑ  ÑWorkers'€Compensation€Appeals€Panel€of€the€Supreme€Court€in€accordanceÏwith€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€50„6„225(e)(3)€for€hearing€and€reporting€to€theÏSupreme€Court€of€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law.€Ìà àThese€cases€were€instituted€by€Greene€County,€Tennessee,€plaintiff,Ïagainst€the€œdependents›€of€William€Guy€Ward,€deceased,€and€Robert€JohnÏDesormeaux,€deceased,€defendants,€to€determine€whether€the€deaths€of€theÏtwo€individuals€are€compensable€under€the€Workersðð€Compensation€laws€of€ourÏstate.Ìà àThe€trial€court€determined€the€claims€were€not€compensable€as€theirÏdeaths€did€not€arise€out€of€and€in€the€course€of€their€employment.€€DefendantsÏhave€appealed€insisting€the€evidence€preponderates€against€this€finding.Ìà àWilliam€Guy€Ward€and€Robert€John€Desormeaux€were€part„time€auxiliaryÏofficers€of€the€Greene€County€Sheriffððs€Department.€€They€died€as€a€result€of€anÏairplane€crash€on€the€night€of€July€11,€1994,€at€about€11:00€p.m.€€The€airplaneÏwas€being€operated€by€Officer€Desormeaux€and€Officer€Ward€was€riding€as€aÏpassenger.Ìà àThe€record€indicates€auxiliary€officers€received€limited€training€asÏcompared€to€the€training€of€a€regular€certified€deputy€sheriff.€€As€auxiliaryÏofficers,€they€were€scheduled€to€work€twice€a€month€for€8„16€hours,€and€thisÏassignment€was€on€weekends€because€the€Sheriffððs€Department€was€usuallyÏbusier€at€this€time€during€the€week.€€Auxiliary€officers€were€always€assigned€toÏwork€with€a€regular€certified€deputy€sheriff€on€patrol€and€œwere›€paid€$5.00€perÏhour€when€performing€scheduled€work.€€The€evidence€indicates€an€auxiliaryÏofficer€could€work€at€other€times€with€permission€but€would€not€be€compensatedÏfor€this€work€activity.€€Officers€Ward€and€Desormeaux€had€been€auxiliary€officersÏfor€about€one€year,€and€their€work€activity€with€the€Sheriffððs€Department€hadÏbeen€riding€with€and€assisting€a€regular€deputy€on€patrol.€€As€auxiliary€officers,Ïthey€were€bonded€deputies.Ìà àThe€Auxiliary€Organization€Manual€Of€The€Greene€County€SheriffððsÏDepartment€provided€auxiliary€personnel€shall€follow€the€direction€of€full„timeÏofficers€when€working€with€the€department€except€when€authorized€by€theÍSheriff.€€Also,€all€auxiliary€personnel€shall€accompany€a€full„time€officer€whenÏworking€their€duty€schedule€unless€directed€by€the€Chief€Deputy€or€shift€leader.€ÏòòSection€D,€Responsibilities.óóÌà àThe€manual€also€provided€off„duty€enforcement€of€laws€by€auxiliaryÏpersonnel€is€prohibited,€the€only€exception€being€an€emergency€situation€thatÏrequires€immediate€attention.€€In€such€cases,€the€auxiliary€member€should€takeÏonly€that€action€necessary€to€contain€the€situation€until€the€arrival€of€a€full„timeÏdeputy.€€òòSection€D,€Responsibilities.óó€Ìà àOn€the€evening€in€question,€the€Sheriffððs€Department€had€received€a€callÏfrom€a€citizen€who€had€heard€a€distress€call€from€some€unknown€person€in€aÏfield€behind€the€citizenððs€residence.€€Also,€the€citizen€reported€a€car€hornÏseemed€to€sound€out€a€S.O.S.€signal.€€Lt.€œJakie›€Christy€was€dispatched€to€theÏscene,€and€he€arrived€there€about€8:53€p.m.Ìà àAuxiliary€officers€Ward€and€Desormeaux€were€not€scheduled€to€work€onÏthis€day;€they€were€together€at€the€residence€of€œOfficer›€Ward€enjoying€aÏð ðbarbecue.ðð€€While€listening€to€a€police€scanner,€they€became€aware€of€theÏsearch€mission€by€the€Sheriffððs€Department;€they€decided€to€join€the€searchÏparty€about€9:30€p.m.€as€they€thought€it€would€be€helpful€to€rent€an€airplane€andÏfly€low€over€the€search€area.€€Being€aware€it€was€necessary€to€get€permission€toÏperform€non„scheduled€work,€œOfficer›€Ward€placed€a€call€to€the€dispatcher€of€theÏSheriffððs€Department€indicating€their€intentions€to€aid€in€the€search.€€DispatcherÏLori€Rader€testified€she€advised€Ward€to€contact€Lt.€œJakie›€Christy,€the€shiftÏcommander,€concerning€their€request.Ìà àOfficer€Christy€told€the€trial€court€that€after€arriving€at€the€scene,€heÏrealized€the€Sheriffððs€Department€was€not€trained€in€search€and€rescueÏmissions€as€was€the€Greene€County€Rescue€Squad,€and€he€requestedÏassistance€from€the€rescue€squad.€€He€said€that€after€the€search€had€been€goingÏon€for€some€period€of€time€without€finding€anyone€in€need€of€help,€he€and€theÏleader€of€the€rescue€squad€had€agreed€to€terminate€the€effort€shortly€when€heÏobserved€an€airplane€flying€at€ð ðtree€œtop›€level€and€at€a€slow€speed.ðð€€He€saidÏœOfficer›€Desormeaux€called€him€saying€they€had€come€to€help€and€could€seeÏgood€from€the€air€and€then€there€was€static€on€the€radio.€€Christy€responded€byÏsaying€the€search€area€was€to€their€œright,›€but€the€plane€crashed€less€than€aÏminute€later.Ìà àOfficer€Christy€also€testified€the€situation€did€not€justify€calling€in€auxiliaryÏofficers;€that€auxiliary€or€even€regular€officers€did€not€have€training€in€rescueÏwork;€€when€asked€if€he€had€ever€considered€calling€for€aircraft€in€the€search,€heÏreplied€it€was€not€necessary;€he€also€said€he€was€not€aware€œOfficer›ÏDesormeaux€was€a€licensed€pilot.Ìà àOfficer€John€Huffins,€chief€deputy,€testified€concerning€the€duties€of€anÏauxiliary€officer€and€when€asked€if€the€two€auxiliary€officers€were€engaged€inÏauthorized€or€unauthorized€activity€at€the€œtime›€of€their€deaths€replied€that€theÏactivity€was€unauthorized.€€He€also€added€that€riding€or€piloting€an€airplane€atÏnighttime€would€not€be€a€part€of€a€regular€deputyððs€employment.Ìà àThe€review€of€the€case€is€òòde€novoóó€on€the€record€accompanied€by€aÏpresumption€of€the€correctness€of€the€findings€of€fact€unless€the€preponderanceÏof€the€evidence€is€otherwise.€€T.C.A.€ðð€50„6„225(e)(2).Ìà àT.C.A.€ðð€50„6„102(a)(5)€states€the€injury€or€death,€in€order€to€beÏcompensable,€must€be€one€ð ðarising€out€ofðð€and€ð ðin€the€course€ofðð€employment.Ìà àThe€phrase€ð ðin€the€course€ofðð€refers€to€time€and€place€and€ð ðarising€out€ofððÏto€cause€or€origin;€an€injury€by€accident€to€an€employee€is€ð ðin€the€course€ofððÏemployment€if€it€occurred€while€the€employee€was€performing€a€duty€theÏemployee€was€employed€to€do,€and€it€is€an€injury€ð ðarising€out€ofðð€employment€ifÏcaused€by€a€hazard€incident€to€such€employment.€€òòTravelers€Ins.€Co.€v.€Googeóó,Ï397€œS.W.2d›€œ368,€371›€(Tenn.€1965);€òòBell€v.€Kelso€Oil€Co.óó,€597€œS.W.2d›€œ731,€734›Ï(Tenn.€1980).Ìà àThe€injury€or€death€need€not€have€been€foreseen€or€expected€in€order€toÏbe€compensable.€€However,€after€the€event,€it€must€appear€to€have€had€its€originÏin€a€risk€connected€with€the€employment€and€to€have€flowed€from€that€source€asÏa€rational€consequence€and€reasonably€have€been€considered€a€risk€if€thoughtÏof€at€the€time€of€employment.€€òòJackson€v.€Clark€&€Fay,óó€270€S.W.2d€œ389€(Tenn.›Ï1954);€òòWard€v.€Wardóó,€378€œS.W.2d›€œ754,€758›€(Tenn.€1964).Ìà àIn€considering€the€facts€of€the€case€under€these€general€principles,€weÏfind€the€auxiliary€officers€were€part„time€employees€of€the€Greene€CountyÏSheriffððs€Department;€they€were€not€officially€on€duty€when€the€airplane€crashedÏcausing€their€deaths;€they€had€not€received€permission€to€participate€in€the€workÏof€the€search€being€conducted€by€their€employer;€and€the€nature€of€their€activityÍin€renting€an€airplane€for€a€night€flight€was€far€removed€from€what€wouldÏgenerally€be€considered€a€risk€of€their€employment.Ìà àWe€fully€concur€with€the€statement€that€they€gave€their€lives€in€the€pursuitÏof€this€search€and€rescue€mission.€€However,€there€are€legal€limitations€to€theÏliability€of€employers€under€our€workersðð€compensation€statutes.Ìà àWe€find€the€activity€which€they€were€engaged€in€at€the€time€of€their€deathsÏwas€a€substantial€deviation€from€their€regular€duties€and€was€beyond€the€scopeÏof€their€employment,€either€express€or€implied.Ìà àThe€judgments€are€affirmed,€and€the€costs€of€the€appeal€are€taxed€to€theÏdefendants€in€each€case.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àRoger€E.€Thayer,€Special€JudgeÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌPenny€J.€White,€JusticeÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌJoe€C.€Loser,€Jr.,€œSpecial›€œJudgeÌ›ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌœÇà àà àà àÌà àà àà àIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÌà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€AT€KNOXVILLEÌÌÌGREENE€COUNTY,€TENNESSEEà à€)€€€€€€à àGREENE€CHANCERY€€€€€€€€à àà àà àà àà àà àÏ)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à€)Ìà àPlaintiff„Appellee,à àà àà à€)à àNo.€94179Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€)à àNo.€03S01„9510„CH„00116Ìvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à€)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à€)à àHon.€Dennis€H.€Inman,Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€)à àChancellorÌà àà àà àà àà àà à€)ÌLISA€WARD,€JARROD€WARD€and€€à à€)à àAFFIRMEDÌJORDAN€WARD€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àà àà à€à àà àà àà àÏà àà àà àà à€€)à àà àÌà àDefendants„Appellants,à àà à€€)à àà à€Ìà à€€à àà àà àà àà à€€)à àÌGREENE€COUNTY,€TENNESSEEà à€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€)Ìà àPlaintiff/Appelleeà àà àà à€€)à àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à€€)Ìvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€)à àÌROBERT€JULES€DESORMEAUX€and€€€€€€)ÌLORRAINE€DESORMEAUX€à à€€€€€€à à€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)Ìà àDefendants/Appellantsà àà à€€€)ÌÌÌà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€€JUDGMENT€ORDERÌÌà àà àThis€case€is€before€the€Court€upon€the€entire€record,€including€the€€ÌÌ€order€of€referral€to€the€Special€Workersðð€Compensation€Appeals€Panel,€and€theÌÌ€Panelððs€Memorandum€Opinion€setting€forth€its€findings€of€fact€and€conclusionsÏofÌÌ€law,€which€are€incorporated€herein€by€reference;ÌÌà àà àWhereupon,€it€appears€to€the€Court€that€the€Memorandum€OpinionÌÌ€of€the€Panel€should€be€accepted€and€approved;€andÌÌÌà àà àIt€it,€therefore,€ordered€that€the€Panelððs€findings€of€fact€andÌÌ€conclusions€of€law€are€adopted€and€affirmed,€and€the€decision€of€the€Panel€is€ÌÌmade€the€Judgment€of€the€Court.ÌÌà àà àCosts€on€appeal€are€taxed€to€the€defendants€in€each€case,€for€ÌÌwhich€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.€ÌÌ10/15/96ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ€à àà à€€à àà àà àÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ€à àà à€€›ÌœÌÇÇÇ›œÇ›