ÿWPC  9# .UN9 %‡ 0ûU:ˆ4ÂÖ å 0Dë/w@7 0?w 0D¶ 0Jú D 0TD 0^˜ 0hö 0r^ 0|Ð 0†L 0Ò 1ub 0d× AQ;ÆŒ 0R 0@i B© D/Æ Bõ D3U>EU *ƒU*­B)×DC AMCÍž]Âûv~½vÓ;˜HP LaserJet 4 PlusHPPCL5MS,ð,,,,,ð0nLHÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ÓH=$¡¡Ñ  ÑÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÔ€XÎ_XXXÔÑ7€¾úXXdðXXdð7Ñ, øð AZ‹"Arial Regular•{:$øð 3|x©H($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó •D–D—D˜D™ÊšÊ›Ó€¥¨U©î(ï(3Îý$¤¤Ý ƒH=!ÝÑ  ÑÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€XèÆXXXÔÑ7€Å)XXdìdì7ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(%Ã$òòÚ  Ú1Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ!"# &Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(ï3}Z$¢¢Ý ƒH=!ÝÑ  ÑÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€XèÆXXXÔÑ7€Å)XXdìdì7ÑÝ  Ý("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò d(('÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd$$$$'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial< Œ 9p`(Times% Line 7 d11117Border 1dd!#2Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ÃÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ H ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€/ÔÑ#€d#ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ""ÝÝ  ÝÔ€/ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€/XÔÌÌFebruaryÏ17,Ï1998ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó ”Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ H ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€/ÔÑ#€d#ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€/ôÔDr.€Dyer€had€administered€this€test€hundreds€of€times.Ì ¸Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€.ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ H ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€/ÔÑ#€d#ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ""ÝÝ  ÝÔ€/ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€/XÔÌÌFebruaryÏ17,Ï1998ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿáùEG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€.ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ H ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€/ÔÑ#€00Xd#ÑÑ#€00Xd#ÑÝ  ÝÙ€!ÙÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÑ À ÑÑ X ÑÓÓÔ€.ÔÔ€.¼ÔßR€342A1-j|` 81 `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àò òIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àSPECIAL€WORKERS'€COMPENSATION€APPEALS€PANELÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEó óÓ  ÓÓÓÌÌÌÌKAREN€FARMER,à àà àà à)à àDAVIDSON€CIRCUITÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àPlaintiff/Appelleeà àà àà à)à àNO.€œ01S01›„9706„CV„00135Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€ERNEST€PELLEGRIN,Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àSPECIAL€JUDGEÌZURICH„AMERICANà àà àà à)€ÌINSURANCE€COMPANYà àà à)Ìa/k/a/€and€d/b/aà àà àà àà à)ÌZURICH€INSURANCE€COMPANY,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àDefendant/Appellantà àà à)ÌÌÌÌÌÌò òòòÌFor€the€Appellant:à àà àà àFor€the€Appellee:ÌÌó óóóœDana€D.€Ballingerà àà àà àà àAugust€C.€WinterÌLeigh€A.€Buckleyà àà àà àà àTwo€Brentwood€CommonsÌCornelius€&€Collinsà àà àà àSuite€150ÌSuite€2700,€Nashville€City€Centerà à750€Old€Hickory€BoulevardÌ511€Union€Stretà àà àà àà àBrentwood,€TN€37027ÌP.€O.€Box€190695ÌNashville,€TN€37219›Ìœ›ÌÌÌÌÌÓ  Óò òòòM€E€M€O€R€A€N€D€U€M€€€O€P€I€N€I€O€NÌÌMembers€of€Panel:ÌÌóóó óJustice€Lyle€œReid›ÌSenior€Judge€William€H.€œInman›ÌSpecial€Judge€Joe€C.€Loser,€Jr.ÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌò òœAFFIRMED›à àà àà àà àà àà àœINMAN›,€œSenior›€JudgeÌó óÌÓÓà àThis€workers'€compensation€appeal€has€been€referred€to€the€SpecialÏWorkers'€Compensation€Appeals€Panel€of€the€Supreme€Court€in€accordanceÏwith€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€50„6„225(e)(3)€for€hearing€and€reporting€to€theÏSupreme€Court€of€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law.Ìà àThe€plaintiff€alleged€that€during€the€course€of€her€employment€by€PorterÏPaints€she€contracted€asthma,€an€occupational€disease,€which€resulted€in€partial,Ïpermanent€physical€disability,€all€of€which€was€denied€by€the€defendant.Ìà àThe€trial€judge€found€that€the€plaintiff€suffered€occupational€asthma,Ïcausing€her€to€be€50€percent€permanently€partially€disabled€and€benefits€wereÏawarded€accordingly.Ìà àThe€issue€presented€for€review€is€whether€the€finding€of€job„relatedÏasthma€is€supported€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence.Ìò òà@ àIÌó óà àThe€plaintiff€was€initially€employed€by€Porter€paints€in€1991€as€aÏdecorator.€€About€one€year€later,€she€was€transferred€to€a€Broadway€store€inÏNashville,€which€catered€to€commercial€customers.€€This€store€prepared€two„part€industrial€paints,€referred€to€as€epoxies,€one€part€of€which,€hythane,Ícontained€a€chemical€known€as€hexamethylene€diisocyanate€[HDI].€an€isocyanate.Ìà àIn€1993,€the€Broadway€store€compounded€a€large€quantity€of€hythaneÏfor€a€customer€who€had€contracted€with€Vanderbilt€University€to€paint€itsÏstadium.Ìà àThe€plaintiff€became€ill,€attended€by€coughing€and€wheezing,€shortnessÏof€breath€and€congestion.€€Her€family€physician€œdiagnosed›€bronchitis,Ïprescribed€antibiotics,€and€recommended€absence€from€work€for€one€week.€ÏUpon€her€return,€she€experienced€a€severe€episode€of€wheezing€and€shortnessÏof€breath€and€was€instructed€to€leave€the€store.€€She€was€thereupon€referred€toÏa€pulmonary€specialist,€Dr.€Eric€Dyer,€who€made€a€tentative€diagnosis€ofÏasthma€caused€by€exposure€to€TDI,€an€isocyanate€commonly€found€in€paints.Ìà àThe€plaintiff€had€been€exposed€to€TDI€at€the€store,€where€the€two€partsÏof€hythane€were€mixed€for€the€Vanderbilt€job.Ìà àIn€June,€1993,€the€medication€prescribed€by€Dr.€Dyer€had€not€correctedÏthe€plaintiffððs€asthmatic€condition.€€He€then€administered€a€methacholineÏinhalation€challenge€test,€which€was€positive€for€asthma.× ƒ5 ××  ×Ìò òà@ àIIó óÌà àDr.€Dyer€testified:ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 àA.à8 àð ðI€have€a€note€that€her€employer€had€confirmed€thatÏthere€was€a€chemical€called€toluene€diisocyanate,€itððsÏabbreviated€TDI,€was€contained€in€some€of€the€paintÏshe€œhad›€worked€with€in€the€paint€œstore,›€and€any€lungÏspecialist,€when€youððre€thinking€of€a€possible€asthmaÏand€you€hear€the€word€ð ðpaint,ðð€I€mean,€youÍimmediately€think€of€TDI.€€Itððs€just€something€thatÏeverybody€knows€about,€all€lung€specialists€knowÏabout,€and€itsððs€just€something€that€links€up€in€yourÏmind.€€And€so€when€I€knew€that€she€worked€in€a€paintÏstore€and€she€had€an€illness€which€was€looking€likeÏasthma€I€drew€a€„€„€undoubtedly€drew€a€correlation€inÏmy€mind€and€had€asked€that,€and€apparently€she€hadÏbrought€in€€„€well,€I€donððt€remember.€€I€say€that€herÏemployer€had€confirmed€that.€€I€donððt€know€theÏdetails€of€the€confirmation.€I€donððt€know€if€sheÏbrought€me€a€list€of€ingredients€in€the€paint€or€what,Ïbut€TDI€is€something€thatððs€in€all€paint€stores,€as€farÏas€I€know.ÌÌà8 àQ.à àIs€TDI€a€recognized€cause€of€asthma?ÌÌà8 àA.à8 àYes,€it€is.€€Itððs€a€„€„€itððs€in€all€the€textbooks.€€Itððs€aÏchemical€that€when€some€people€are€exposed€to€itÏcauses€asthma,€and€about€50€percent€of€the€peopleÏwho€it€causes€asthma€in€have€the€asthma€permanently.€Ïit€tends€to€be€„„€it€tends€to€be€a€difficult€asthma€toÏtreat.€€It€tends€to€not€respond€to€medication€as€well€asÏstandard€asthma€and€it€tends€to€persist.€€Itððs€„€„€TDI„induced€asthma,€itððs€not€straightforward,€gardenÏvariety€asthma€and€how€itððs€different€exactly€thanÏother€asthmas€is€not€„€„€thatððs€not€known.ÌÌà8 àQ.à àIs€TDI€commonly€found€in€the€typical€outside€environment?ÌÌà8 àA.à àNo,€I€donððt€believe€so.ÌÌà8 àQ.à àWhat€kinds€of€paints€have€TDI€in€them?ÌÌà8 àA.à8 àOil„based€paints,€the€„€„€itððs€my€understanding€thatÏTDI€is€found€in€the€hardeners€of€oil„based€paints,Ïcertain€other€anti„corrosives.€I€know€from€myÏexperience€itððs€used€in€the€casket€industry,€itððs€used€inÏcertain€industrial€paints,€specialized€paints€in€airplaneÏwings,€that€sort€of€thing,€and€itððs€also€an€ingredient€inÏhousehold€paints.à àÌÌò òà@ à.€€€.€€€.€€€.€€€.€€€.€€€.€€€.€€€.ó óÌÌà8 àà8 àwith€her€I€expressed€an€opinion€that€her€„€„€that€sheÏdid€have€asthma,€or€as€I€used€bronchiospasm,€and€inÏmy€opinion€it€was€related€to€her€work€in€the€paintÏstore€and€that€I€did€not€feel€it€was€wise€for€her€toÏwork€in€the€paint€store€in€the€future.ÌÌà àQ.à8 àIs€the€opinion€about€the€relationship€between€KarenððsÏasthma€and€her€job€expressed€in€your€letter€of,€IÏbelieve€itððs€June€22,€1993,€still€your€opinion?à8 àÌÌà àA.à8 àYes,€it€is.ÌÌà àQ.à àand€is€„„ÌÌà àA.à8 àClearly€by€this€point€after€two€visits€I€was€thinkingÏthat€this€young€lady€had€TDI€asthma€and€itððs€„€„€it€canÏbe€a€very€serious€problem€and€itððs€„€„€it€can€be€veryÏrisky€to€go€back€in€an€environment€that€canÏeventually€cause€a€life„threatening€problem.ÌÌà àQ.à8 àIs€your€opinion€regarding€the€cause€of€KarenððsÏasthma€to€a€reasonable€degree€of€medical€certainty?ÌÌà àA.à àIn€my€opinion€it€is.ððÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àDr.€Dyer€continued€his€observation,€treatment€and€testing€of€theÏplaintiff.€€He€confirmed€his€diagnosis€of€asthma€and€testified€that€according€toÏthe€òòAmerican€Medical€Association€Guides€to€the€Evaluation€of€PermanentÏImpairment,€4th€Ed.,€óóand€the€standards€adopted€by€the€American€ThoracicÏSociety,€the€plaintff€had€a€permanent€impairment€of€50€percent.Ìò òà@ àIIIó óÌà àOn€January€6,€1997,€the€plaintiff€was€seen€by€Dr.€John€B.€Hagan€forÏpurposes€of€evaluation.€€Dr.€Hagan€is€board„certified€in€internal€medicine,Ïallergy€and€immunology,€with€18€monthsðð€practice.€€He€received€œplaintiffððs›Ïhealth€œhistory€in›€considerable€detail€and€œtestified›€that€ð ðit€is€questionableÍwhether€she€has€asthma,ðð€and€believed€there€was€ð ðinadequate€evidence€toÏsuggest€a€relationship€between€her€asthma€and€any€work€exposure.ððÌò òà@ àIVÌà àó óA€chemist,€Don€Collier,€called€by€the€defendant,€testified€that€there€canÏbe€no€exposure€to€œisocyanates›€unless€the€vapors€are€released.€€He€opined€that€aÏperson€could€not€be€harmed€by€exposure€to€a€product€in€an€amount€less€thanÏthe€Threshhold€Limit€Value€stated€in€the€Material€Data€Safety€Sheet€œ[MDSS].›Ìà àThe€œMDSS›€for€hythane€states€that€persons€with€a€pre„existing,€non„specific€bronchial€hyperactivity€can€respond€to€concentrations€below€theÏThreshhold€Limit€with€similar€symptoms€as€well€as€an€asthma€attack.€€TheÏplaintiff€had€several€pre„existing€characteristics,€such€as€sensitivity€to€paintÏfumes€and€tobacco€smoke,€with€a€tendency€to€hay€fever€and€bronchitis.€€ThisÏfact€tends€to€lessen€the€weight€of€the€œtestimony›€of€Mr.€Collier.Ìò òà@ àVÌà àó óThe€appellant€argues€that€the€medical€proof€failed€to€establish€a€causalÏconnection€between€HDI€and€the€plaintiffððs€condition€because€the€testimony€ofÏDr.€Dyer€indicated€that€ð ðhe€never€made€a€definitive€link€between€the€plaintiffððsÏcondition€and€her€work.ðð€€Dr.€Dyer€opined€that€he€knew€nothing€about€theÏconcentration€or€source€of€the€paint€fumes€to€which€the€plaintiff€was€exposed,Ïother€than€observing€that€òòminuteóó€quantities€may€cause€asthma.€€He€furtherÏtestified€that€the€plaintiffððs€asthma€fits€the€profile€commonly€associated€withÍisocyanate€asthma,€that€being€unusual€test€results,€resistance€to€typical€asthmaÏmedications,€and€permanency€of€the€condition.Ìò òÌÌà@ àVIÌó óà àOur€review€of€the€findings€of€fact€made€by€the€trial€court€is€òòde€novoóóÏupon€the€record€of€the€trial€court,€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€theÏcorrectness€of€the€finding,€unless€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence€isÏotherwise.€€òòT.C.A.€ðð€€óó50„6„225(e)(2).€€òòStone€v.€City€of€McMinnville,€óó896ÏS.W.2d€548,€550€(Tenn.€1995).€Ìò òà@ àVIIó óÌà àThe€Workersðð€Compensation€Law€defines€an€occupational€disease€as€oneÏarising€out€of€employment€if:ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 àð ð(1)€It€can€be€determined€to€have€followed€as€a€natural€incident€ofÏthe€work€as€a€œresult›€of€the€exposure€occasioned€by€the€œnature›€ofÏthe€employment;Ìà àÌà8 à(2)€It€can€be€fairly€traced€to€the€employment€as€a€proximate€cause;Ìà àÌà8 à(3)€It€has€not€originated€from€a€hazard€to€which€workers€wouldÏhave€been€equally€exposed€outside€of€the€œemployment;Ì›Ìà8 à(4)€It€is€incidental€to€the€character€of€the€employment€and€notÏindependent€of€the€relation€of€employer€and€employee;Ìà àÌà8 à(5)€It€originated€from€a€risk€connected€with€the€employment€œand›Ïflowed€from€that€source€as€a€natural€consequence,€though€it€needÏnot€have€been€foreseen€or€expected€prior€to€its€contraction;€andÌà àÌà8 à(6)€There€is€a€direct€causal€connection€between€the€conditionsÏunder€which€the€work€is€performed€and€the€occupational€disease.€ÍDiseases€of€the€heart,€lung,€and€hypertension€arising€out€of€and€inÏthe€œcourse›€of€any€type€of€employment€shall€be€deemed€to€beÏoccupational€diseases.ÌÓ  ÓT.C.A.€ðð€50„6„301.ÌÌÓÓà àThe€defendant€does€not€dispute€that€job„related€asthma€is€an€occupationalÏdisease.€€Rather,€the€insistence€is€three„fold:€(1)€that€the€plaintiff€was€notÏexposed€to€paint€fumes€containing€either€TDI€or€HDI€because€she€was€notÏworking€on€the€two€occasions€when€hythane€was€tinted;€(2)€that€the€œexpert›Ïtestimony€established€there€could€be€no€exposure€to€HDI€during€hythaneÏconversion;€and€(3)€that€the€medical€proof€did€not€establish€a€causal€connectionÏbetween€HDI€and€the€plaintiffððs€condition.Ìà àThe€plaintiff€rebuts€these€insistences€by€pointing€out€that€the€evidence€onÏwhich€the€employer€relies€to€show,€ostensibly,€that€she€was€not€present€on€theÏdays€alleged€is€highly€suspect,€because€the€orders€for€hythane€could€have€beenÏprepared€before€or€after€the€date€stamped€on€the€sales€tickets€which€allegedlyÏestablished€the€plaintiffððs€working€days.€€Other€evidence€offered€by€defendantÏrespecting€exposure€was€somewhat€impeached,€leading€the€trial€judge€toÏpronounce€from€the€Bench€that€the€evidence€supported€the€plaintiffððsÏComplaint.Ìà àFinally,€we€observe€that€medical€experts€frequently€disagree,€and€theÏtrial€judge€must€choose€which€view€to€believe.€€òòOrman€v.€Williamsóó€òòSonoma,óóÏ803€S.W.2d€672€(Tenn.€1991).€In€doing€so,€he€may€consider€the€qualificationsÏof€the€experts,€the€circumstances€of€their€examinations,€the€informationÏavailable€to€them,€and€the€evaluation€of€the€importance€of€that€information€byÍother€experts.€€òòCrossno€v.€Publix€Shirt€Factory,óó€814€S.W.2d€730€(Tenn.€1991).€ÏThe€trial€judge€accredited€the€testimony€of€Dr.€Dyer,€whom€we€have€quoted.€ÏDr.€Hagan€was€less€assertive.Ìà àWe€cannot€substitute€our€judgment€for€that€of€the€trial€judge,€but€areÏlimited€to€a€òòde€novoóó€review€to€determine€where€the€proponderance€of€theÏevidence€lies.€€We€cannot€say€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€theÏjudgment,€which€is€affirmed€at€the€costs€of€the€appellant.Ìà àà àà àÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à____________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€H.€Inman,€Senior€JudgeÌœÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:›ÌÌÌœÌ_____________________________›ÌJoe€C.€Loser,€Jr.,€Special€JudgeÌÌÌœÌ_____________________________›ÌÔ% € ÔLyle€Reid,€œJusticeÌÇÒ  ÒÒ £ Òòòà@ àIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÌßJ€36;+'b|^` ‚- `€@ÿJßÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌÌÌKAREN€FARMER,à àà àà à}à àDAVIDSON€CIRCUITÌà àà àà àà àà àà à}à àNo.€94C„1201€BelowÌà àPlaintiff/Appelleeà àà àà à}Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à}à àHon.€Ernest€Pellegrin,Ìvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à}à àSpecial€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à}ÌZURICH„AMERICAN€INSURANCEà à}ÌCOMPANY€a/k/a€and€d/b/a€ZURICHà à}ÌINSURANCE€COMPANY,à àà à}à àNo.€01S01„9706„CV„00135Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à}Ìà àDefendant/Appellantà àà à}à àAFFIRMED.ÌÌÌà@ àJUDGMENT€ORDERÌÌÌÓ€Óà àà àThis€case€is€before€the€Court€upon€the€entire€record,€including€theÏorder€of€referral€to€the€Special€Workers'€Compensation€Appeals€Panel,€and€theÏPanel's€Memorandum€Opinion€setting€forth€its€findings€of€fact€and€conclusionsÏof€law,€which€are€incorporated€herein€by€reference.Ìà àà àWhereupon,€it€appears€to€the€Court€that€the€Memorandum€OpinionÏof€the€Panel€should€be€accepted€and€approved;€andÌà àà àIt€is,€therefore,€ordered€that€the€Panel's€findings€of€fact€andÏconclusions€of€law€are€adopted€and€affirmed,€and€the€decision€of€the€Panel€isÏmade€the€judgment€of€the€Court.ÌÓ ` ` šXÓà àà àCosts€will€be€paid€by€Defendant/Appellant€and€Surety,€for€whichÏexecution€may€issue€if€necessary.ÌÓÓà àà àIT€IS€SO€ORDERED€on€February€17,€1998.ÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPER€CURIAMÌóóÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ›