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ÔÔ€ÔÔ€ôÔÔ€XÔÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ 8 ÒÖ€'ÖÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ&  ÔÔ€¼ÔÔ€ÔÞ ÞÌIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌSPECIAL€WORKERS'€COMPENSATION€APPEALS€PANELÌÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌ(May€6,€1998€Session)ÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓHAMBLEN€COUNTY€BOARD€€€€€€€€€Ô€,Ô€Ô€¼Ô€)ÌOF€EDUCATION,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€,Ô€Ô€¼Ô€€€€€)€€€€HAMBLEN€CHANCERYÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€ôÔ€Ô€¼Ô€€€€€€€€€€€€)à àÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Plaintiff„Appellant,€€€€€€€)€€€€€Hon.€Thomas€R.€Frierson,Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€,Ô€Ô€¼Ô€€€)€€€ChancellorÌv.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€Ô€Ô€¼Ô€€€€€€)à àÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€,Ô€Ô€¼Ô€€€)€€€€€No.€03S01„9708„CH„00094ÌMICHAEL€JINKS,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€Ô€Ô€¼Ô€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€,Ô€Ô€¼Ô€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Defendant„Appellee.€€€€Ô€,Ô€Ô€¼Ô€€€)ÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€òòFor€Appellee:óóÌÌJ.€Eric€Harrison€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Mark€S.€StapletonÌWimberly,€Lawson€&€Seale€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Terry,€Terry€&ÏStapletonÌKnoxville,€Tennessee€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Morristown,€TennesseeòòÌóóÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓòòM€E€M€O€R€A€N€D€U€M€€€€O€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÌÌÌÌÌòòMembers€of€Panelóó:ÌÌCharles€D.€Susano,€Jr.,€Special€Justice,€Supreme€CourtÌÔ'  ÔJohn€K.€Byers,€Senior€JudgeÌJoe€C.€Loser,€Jr.,€Special€JudgeÌÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓÌÓ  ÓAFFIRMED€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Loser,ÏJudgeÓ {ÀÓÌÓ šÓÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓÓÍÌÓòòÌÌÌMEMORANDUM€OPINIONóóÌÓ šÓÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓà àà àÌThis€workers'€compensation€appeal€has€been€referred€to€the€SpecialÏWorkers'€Compensation€Appeals€Panel€of€the€Supreme€Court€in€accordanceÏwith€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€section€50„6„225(e)(3)€for€hearing€and€reporting€ofÏfindings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law.€€The€appellant€contends€the€evidenceÏpreponderates€against€the€trial€court's€finding€that€the€battering€of€a€schoolÏteacher€in€a€school€corridor€by€a€student€arose€out€of€and€in€the€course€ofÏthe€teacher's€employment.€€The€appellee€insists€the€appeal€is€frivolous.€€AsÏdiscussed€below,€the€panel€has€concluded€the€judgment€should€be€affirmed,Ïbut€declines€to€award€damages€for€a€frivolous€appeal.ÌÓÓà àà àOn€May€1,€1995,€the€employee€or€claimant,€Jinks,€wasÏemployed€by€the€employer,€Hamblen€County€Board€of€Education,€as€aÏteacher€at€Morristown€East€High€School.€€On€that€day,€he€left€his€classroomÍfor€the€purpose€of€delivering€some€graded€papers€to€the€school€office.€€InÏthe€corridor,€he€was€confronted€by€a€large€senior€student,€who€attempted€toÏstop€Jinks€and€engage€him€in€a€discussion€concerning€what€the€studentÏconsidered€a€disparaging€remark€about€another€student€who€had€died€as€aÏresult€of€a€motorcycle€accident.€€Jinks€agreed€to€talk€but€continued€with€hisÏerrand.Ìà àà àUpon€returning€from€the€office,€and€before€he€could€reach€hisÏclassroom,€Jinks€was€again€confronted€by€the€student,€who€was€nowÏaccompanied€by€two€other€students.€€The€first€student€demanded€an€apologyÏfrom€Jinks€for€the€remark,€which€he€had€made€in€connection€with€a€schoolÏfunction.€€Jinks€refused€to€apologize€and€attempted€to€push€the€student€out€ofÏhis€way€and€return€to€his€duties€as€a€teacher,€whereupon€an€altercationÏoccurred.€€The€larger€student€lifted€Jinks€up€and€threw€him€to€the€floor,Ïinjuring€him.Ìà àà àThe€chancellor€found€the€claimant's€injuries€to€be€compensableÏand€awarded€compensation€benefits.€€Appellate€review€is€de€novo€upon€theÏrecord€of€the€trial€court,€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctness€ofÏthe€findings€of€fact,€unless€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence€is€otherwise.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€section€50„6„225(e)(2).€€Where€the€trial€judge€has€seen€andÍheard€the€witnesses,€especially€if€issues€of€credibility€and€weight€to€be€givenÏoral€testimony€are€involved,€considerable€deference€must€be€accorded€thoseÏcircumstances€on€review.€€òòHumphrey€v.€David€Witherspoon,€Inc.óó,€€734€ÏS.W.2d€315€(Tenn.€1987).Ìà àà àAn€accidental€injury€arises€out€of€one's€employment€when€thereÏis€apparent€to€the€rational€mind,€upon€a€consideration€of€all€theÏcircumstances,€a€causal€connection€between€the€conditions€under€which€theÏwork€is€required€to€be€performed€and€the€resulting€injury;€òòFink€v.€Caudleóó,Ï856€€S.W.2d€€952€(Tenn.€1993);€and€occurs€in€the€course€of€one'sÏemployment€if€it€occurs€while€an€employee€is€performing€a€duty€he€wasÏemployed€to€do.€€òòId.óó€€"Arising€out€of"€refers€to€the€origin€of€the€injury€inÏterms€of€causation;€òòReeser€v.€Yellow€Freight€Systems,€Inc.óó€938€€S.W.2d€€690Ï(Tenn.€1997);€and€"in€the€course€of"€relates€to€time,€place€and€circumstance.€ÏòòMcCaleb€v.€Saturn€Corp.óó,€910€€S.W.2d€€412€(Tenn.€1995).€€For€anÏaccidental€injury€to€be€compensable,€both€components€are€required.€€òòId.óó€ÏThey€are€not€synonymous€terms.€€òòLollar€v.€Wal„Mart€Stores,€Inc.óó,€767€ÏS.W.2d€€143€(Tenn.€1989).€€Our€Supreme€Court€has€often€said€that€anyÏreasonable€doubt€as€to€whether€an€injury€arises€out€of€the€employmentÏshould€be€resolved€in€favor€of€the€employee.€€òòReeseróó,€supra€at€692.Ìà àà àThe€employer€argues€that€benefits€should€be€denied€because€theÏclaimant€struck€the€first€blow€and€that€striking€a€blow€was€not€part€of€hisÏresponsibility€as€a€teacher,€relying€on€òòWinningham€v.€Mid„StateÏConstruction€Companyóó,€an€unpublished€opinion€of€this€panel.€€In€that€case,Ïthe€panel€affirmed€the€trial€court's€finding€that€the€worker's€injury€did€notÏarise€out€of€the€employment€where€a€construction€worker€provoked€a€fightÏwith€a€state€inspector,€over€a€purely€personal€dispute,€relying€on€the€rule€inÏòòSandlin€v.€Gentryóó,€201€€Tenn.€€509,€300€S.W.2d€€897€(1957).€€TheÏoverriding€rule€in€assault€cases€is€that€each€case€must€be€decided€under€itsÏown€facts€and€not€by€resort€to€some€formula.€€òòBell€v.€Kelso€Oil€Co.óó,€597€ÏS.W.2d€€731€(Tenn.€1980).€€Moreover,€common€law€defenses€which€exist€inÏtort€actions€are€not€available€under€the€Workers'€Compensation€Act.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€section€50„6„101,€et€seq.ÌÓ` Ó€€€€€€€€€€From€a€consideration€of€the€relevant€facts,€which€are€not€disputed,Ïand€the€above€principles€of€law,€this€tribunal€is€persuaded€that€the€evidenceÏfails€to€preponderate€against€the€findings€of€the€chancellor.Ì€€€€€€€€€€When€it€appears€that€an€appeal€in€a€workers'€compensation€case€isÏfrivolous€or€taken€solely€for€delay,€the€reviewing€court€may,€upon€motionÏof€either€party€or€on€its€own€initiative,€award€damages€against€the€appellantÍand€in€favor€of€the€appellee€without€remand,€for€a€liquidated€amount.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€sections€50„6„225(i)€and€27„1„122.€€It€does€not€appear€to€thisÏtribunal€that€this€appeal€is€frivolous€or€that€it€was€taken€for€any€improperÏpurpose.ÌÓ\ÏÓ€€€€€€€€€€The€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed€and€costs€taxed€to€theÏplaintiff„appellant.€€The€cause€is€remanded€to€the€Chancery€Court€forÏHamblen€County€for€an€award€of€interest€on€accrued€but€unpaid€benefits€andÏall€other€purpose€€Ó íÓÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓ_____________________________Ó ÓÌÓ  Ó€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Joe.€Loser,€Jr.,€Special€JudgeÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓCONCUR:Ì________________________________ÌCharles€D.€Susano,€Jr.,€Special€JusticeÌ_________________________________ÌJohn€K.€Byers,€Senior€JudgeÌÓ` çÈ„XÓÑ€(ÑÇÒ  ÒÒ 8 ÒÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€IN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEà à€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÏAT€KNOXVILLEÒ S ÒÒ 8 ÒÓÓ€€€€€ÌÌHAMBLEN€COUNTY€BOARD€€€€€€€)€€€€€Hamblen€ChanceryÌOF€EDUCATION,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€€€€€96„98à àÌ€€€€€€€€Plaintiff„Appellant,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€à àÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€€€€€Hon.€Thomas€R.€Frierson€€€€€€€€€€€Ó ø ÓÓ` Ü…X ì–XÓÌV.à àà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€)à àChancellorÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌMICHAEL€JINKS,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€€€€€No.€03S01„9708„CH„00094Ì€€€€€€Defendant„Appellee.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJUDGMENT€ORDERÌÓÓÌà àà àThis€case€is€before€the€Court€upon€the€entire€record,€including€theÏorder€of€referral€to€the€Special€Workersðð€Compensation€Panel,€and€theÏPanelððs€Memorandum€Opinion€setting€forth€its€findings€of€fact€andÏconclusions€of€law,€which€are€incorporated€herein€by€reference;Ìà àà àWhereupon,€it€appears€to€the€Court€that€the€MemorandumÏOpinion€of€the€Panel€should€be€accepted€and€approved;€andÌà àà àIt€is,€therefore,€ordered€that€the€Panelððs€findings€of€fact€andÏconclusions€of€law€are€adopted€and€affirmed,€and€the€decision€of€the€PanelÏis€made€the€Judgment€of€the€Court.€€à àà àÌÒ  ÒÒ 8 Òà à€€€€€Costs€on€appeal€are€taxed€to€the€plaintifft/appellant,€HamblenÍCounty€Board€of€Education€and€Wimberly,€Lawson€and€Seale,€sureties€Ïfor€which€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.ÌÌ07/07/98Ì€ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÙ€Ù<<€Conversion€error€>>à àà àThis€case€is€before€the€Court€upon€motionÏfor€review€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann€.ðð€50„6„225€(e)€(5)€(B),€theÏentire€record,€including€the€order€of€referral€to€the€Special€WorkersððÏCompensation€Appeals€Panel,€and€the€Panelððs€Memorandum€OpinionÏsetting€forth€its€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law,€which€areÏincorporated€herein€by€reference;Ìà àà àWhereupon,€it€appears€to€the€Court€that€the€motion€for€reviewÍis€not€well€taken€and€should€be€denied;€andÌà àà àIt€is,€therefore,€ordered€that€the€Panelððs€findings€of€fact€andÏconclusions€of€law€are€adopted€and€affirmed,€and€the€decision€of€theÏPanel€is€made€the€judgment€of€the€Court.Ìà àà àCosts€will€be€paid€by€the€plaintiff„appellant€and€sureties,€forÏwhich€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.Ìà àà àIT€IS€SO€ORDERED€this€____€day€of€June,€1997.ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àPER€CURIAMÌÌAnderson,€J.€„€Not€ParticipatingÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌal€to€the€Special€Workerðð€Compensation€Panel,€and€the€PanelððsÏMemorandum€Opinion€setting€forth€its€findings€of€fact€and€conclusionsÏof€law,€which€are€incorporated€herein€by€reference;Ìà àÌà àWhereupon,€it€appears€to€the€Court€that€the€Memorandum€Opinion€ofÏthe€Panel€should€be€accepted€and€approved;€andÌÌà àIt€is,€therefore,€ordered€that€the€Panelððs€findings€of€act€andÍconclusions€of€law€are€adopted€and€affirmed,€and€the€decision€of€theÏPanel€is€made€the€Judgment€of€the€Court.ÌÌà àCosts€on€appeal€are€taxed€€to€the€plaintiff„appellant,€Vernon€HarrisÏandÌGilbert€and€Faulkner.€surety,€for€which€execution€may€issue€ifÏnecessary.€€ÌÌ06/03//97à àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌà àœÔ€Ô