ÿWPC’$ Æ# ä U:ï %) 0@/ w@o 4¯ à 0„Ò 0DV 𠯢 ÆhÆ.Æôƺ 0J€ 0TÊ 0^ 0h| 0rä 0|V 0†Ò 0X 1uè 0d] BÁU6Þ D3B)GDCp 0@³ 0Kó AO>U*2· éf‰v~ïvÓm D+@" AOk" 0Dº" D/þ" B-# AYJ# 0F£# A©é#˜HP LaserJet 4HPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLdÒ<Ô6X9`+"Courier 10cpiX(ù$¡¡Ó  ÓÓ  Ó ®¯°D±²³·¸E¹EºÓ€Úƒç"žÔÌ $Ôô3|xÅ(4(3DX$¤¤Ý ƒù!ÝÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 52 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Courier New&&&&'ÿÿdxd% Line 7 d++++7Border 1dd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó-.,Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial (Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€)ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€0ÔÔ€0ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€0XÔÌÌò òSeptember€19,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€0ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó –Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€)ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòWe€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€such€a€violation€of€the€court'sÏinstructions€cannot€and€should€not€be€condoned.€€It€is€appropriate€to€takeÏspecific€punitive€action€to€vindicate€the€dignity€and€authority€of€the€law,Ïand€the€court.óóÌ \Ñ\R AØ'\ÑPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò'ÈÈÈÈdxd-‚ƒCþÿ<< Cÿÿ($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd-¸:Müÿ << deUU(n$––ò ò(Ú  Ú1Ú  Ú)ó ó-.:›&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€)ÔÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€ò¿XXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÙ€ÙßR€/1,A1-j|‘` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌ€IN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÌSPECIAL€WORKERS'€COMPENSATION€APPEALS€PANELÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌÌÌANN€B.€HICKS,€as€next€of€kinà à)€€€HAMILTON€CIRCUIT€Ìto€RONALD€LEE€HICKS,€deceased,)€€€C.A.€NO.€œ03S01›„9702„CV„00016Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìà à€€Plaintiff„Appellantà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)€€€HON.€L.€MARIE€WILLIAMS€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)€€€JUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌBROWN€GALVANIZING€CO.,€€€€€€€€)Ìa€corporation,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìà à€€€Defendant„Appellee€€€€)ÌÌÌÌÌHUGH€P.€GARNER€and€DAVE€R.€œPRICKETT›,€Garner,€Lewis€&€œPrickett›,ÏChattanooga,€for€Appellant.ÌÌPHILLIP€E.€œFLEENOR›€and€J€CHRISTOPHER€HALL,€œShumacker›€&€Thompson,ÏP.C.,€for€Appellee.ÌòòÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌM€E€M€O€R€A€N€D€U€M€€O€P€I€N€I€O€NÌÌÌÌÌÌMembers€of€Panel:óóÌÌHon.€E.€Riley€Anderson,€JusticeÌHon.€William€H.€Inman,€Senior€JudgeÌHon.€Don€T.€McMurray,€Special€JudgeòòÌÌÌÌÓ  Óóóà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌAFFIRMEDà@ àà€ àMcMurray,€Special€JudgeÇÑ ¸ ÑÑ Ü ÑÓÓòòÓ  Óà àóóThis€workers'€compensation€appeal€has€been€referred€to€theÏSpecial€Workers'€Compensation€Appeals€Panel€of€the€Supreme€CourtÏin€accordance€with€T.C.A.€ðð€50„6„225(e)(3)€for€hearing€and€report…ing€to€the€Supreme€Court€of€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€ofÏlaw.ÌÌà àThe€decedent,€Ronald€Lee€Hicks,€was€an€employee€of€the€defen…dant,€Brown€Galvanizing€Co.€€Generally€stated,€the€plaintiffÏclaims€that€her€husband,€the€decedent,€was€exposed€to€toxic€chemi…cals€at€the€defendant's€plant€and€the€exposure€resulted€in€hisÏdeath.€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€plaintiff€had€failed€toÏcarry€the€burden€of€proof€on€medical€causation€and€dismissed€theÏcase.€€This€appeal€resulted.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trialÏcourt.ÌÌà àGenerally€stated,€the€issues€presented€for€our€review€ques…tion€the€preponderance€of€evidence€relating€to€the€cause€of€theÏdecedent's€death€and€secondly,€whether€the€court€erred€in€allowingÏwitnesses€who€violated€the€rule€for€sequestration€of€witnesses€toÏtestify.ÌÌà àThe€deceased€was€employed€by€the€defendant€as€a€dock€worker.€ÏFor€additional€compensation,€he€and€others€would€work€in€the€"bagÏhouse"€for€short€periods€of€time.€€The€bag€house€was€a€dust€col…lection€system€where€toxic€dust€was€collected€in€bags€for€properÏdisposal.€€On€occasion,€it€was€necessary€for€the€bags€to€be€shakenÏdown€to€loosen€and€knock€out€the€dust€that€accumulated€in€theÏbags.€€When€working€in€the€bag€house,€the€employees€were€requiredÏto€wear€a€protective€suit€and€a€respirator.ÌÌà àAt€all€times€material,€the€decedent€and€a€co„worker,€TimÏBlackburn€were€shaking€down€the€bags€in€the€bag€house€on€Friday€ofÏeach€week.€€The€plaintiff€presented€evidence€of€the€followingÏchronology€of€events:ÌÓÓà8 àÌÌà8 àOn€March€26,€1993€(Friday)€[the€decedent]€worked€in€theÏbag€house€from€6€a.m.€to€3:30€p.m.ÌÌà8 àMarch€27,€1993€(Saturday)€worked).ÌÌà8 àMarch€28,€1993€(Sunday)€worked€„€evening€hours€statedÏwith€fever€but€subsided.ÌÌà8 àMarch€29,€1993€(Monday)€worked€„€no€complaints;€cameÏhome€crying€at€noon€over€"something";€Ronald€[decedent]Íindicated€he€had€gotten€into€argument€with€boss;€feverÏwent€up€that€evening.ÌÌà8 àMarch€30,€1993€(Tuesday)€worked€„€complained€of€beingÏsick;€was€sent€to€doctor€to€be€checked€(doctors€atÏNorthpark)€came€home€before€going€to€doctor.ÌÌà8 àMarch€31,€1993€(Wednesday)€went€to€Northpark€ER€„€Co…mplained€of€aching€all€over;€diagnosed€with€flu€symp…toms;€discharged.ÌÌà8 àApril€1,€1993€(Thursday)€had€fever.ÌÌà8 àApril€2,€1993€(Friday)€had€fever.ÌÌà8 àApril€3,€1993€(Saturday)€Went€to€Northpark,€but€notÏadmitted€until€4/4/93€ð"ð€Complained€"lungs€hurt",€fever,Ïdiarrhea.ÌÌà8 àApril€4,€1993€(Sunday)€Went€to€Northpark€ER€ð"ð€admitted.ÌÌà8 àApril€8,€1993,€(Thursday)€transferred€to€œErlanger›€Hospi…tal.ÌÌà8 àApril€12,€1993,€(Monday)€Died.ÌÌÓÓÌÓ ` ܇XœÈ“X Óà àThe€decedent's€co„worker,€Tim€Blackburn,€gave€a€statementÏwherein€he€stated,€òòinter€aliaóó,€as€follows:ÌÌà@ à*€€€€€*€€€€€*€€€€€*ÌÓÓà8 àà à10.€€I€specifically€remember€the€Friday€prior€toÏRonald€Hicks€going€to€the€hospital€because€when€RonaldÏleft€the€bag€house,€he€became€very€sick€and€was€gagging,Ïchoking€and€coughing€and€had€to€run€to€the€bathroom.ÌÌà8 àà à11.€€I€remember€that€Ronald€attempted€to€work€theÏnext€day€and€in€the€early€part€of€the€next€week€heÏattempted€to€work,€but€was€sick.€€I€remember€about€mid„week€following€the€incident€where€Ronald€got€sick€andÏwas€coughing€real€bad,€he€went€home€early€because€he€wasÏsick€again.€€The€next€thing€I€knew,€he€was€in€the€hospi…tal€and€died€shortly€thereafter.ÌÌÓÓÌà àIn€addition,€Mr.€Blackburn€gave€testimony€concerning€hisÏexperiences€with€the€protective€clothing€and€respirator.€€HeÏtestified€that,€at€times,€the€elastic€bands€on€the€sleeves€of€theÏprotective€suit€would€slip€up€and€that€the€dust€would€burn€hisÏarms.€He€testified€that€the€respirator€was€a€full„face€respiratorÏand€had€to€be€adjusted€to€fit.€€Mr.€Blackburn€was€asked€the€fol…lowing€questions€and€gave€the€following€answers:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àWhat€was€your€experience€in€working€with€respira…tors€and€how€ð"ð€how€they€would€fit€you,€Mr.ÏBlackburn?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àWell,€you'd€have€to€adjust€them€to€fit€you,€but€itÏdidn't€seem€to€kept€everything€out€of€it.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àWere€there€occasions€when€you€were€in€the€bag€houseÏand€when€you€were€using€the€respirator€that€theÏdust,€or€chemicals€of€dust,€would€get€beneath€theÏrespirator?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àIt€never€did€get€in€your€ð"ð€on€your€face,€or€nothingÏlike€that.€€You€could€go€outside€the€bag€house€andÏpull€it€off,€but€ð"ð€and€still€see€all€the€chemicalsÏand€everything€from€the€outside.ÌÌÓÓÌà àThere€was€no€direct€evidence€that€the€decedent€had€breathedÏany€of€the€toxic€chemicals.€€As€the€trial€judge€noted,€the€testi…mony€of€Mr.€Blackburn€concerned€his€own€experiences€and€not€thoseÏof€Mr.€Hicks.€€We€should€also€note€that€the€testimony€of€Mr.ÏBlackburn€was€somewhat€impeached€by€the€defendant's€time€cards.€ÏMr.€Blackburn€conceded€in€his€deposition€that€the€time€cards€wereÏthe€most€accurate€record€of€when€he€last€worked€in€the€bag€house.€ÏThe€time€cards€which€were€placed€into€evidence€reflect€that€Mr.ÏBlackburn€did€not€work€in€the€bag€house€on€the€date€that€Mr.€HicksÏsupposedly€got€sick.ÌÌà àMrs.€Hicks,€the€plaintiff,€testified€that€after€Mr.€Hicks€hadÏbeen€employed€with€the€defendant€for€about€six€months,€his€coughÏgot€a€lot€worse.€€"He€ð"ð€when€he€œblowed›€his€nose,€he€œblowed›€outÏblack€stuff,€his€breathing€got€a€little€bit€rough,€he€lost€weightÏreal€bad€in€his€face"€€She€further€testified€that€on€occasionsÍwhen€he€worked€at€the€bag€house,€he€would€have€dust€all€over€hisÏface,€in€his€nose€in€his€ears,€and€in€his€hair.ÌÌà àTwo€physicians€testified€in€the€case.€€Dr.€Benjamin€DanielÏHarnsberger,€in€person,€and€Dr.€Jeffrey€Werchowski,€by€deposition.€ÏDr.€Werchowski€was€the€treating€physician.Ì€Ìà àUpon€admission€to€North€Park,€Dr.€Werchowski€diagnosed€theÏdeceased€condition€as€bilateral€lung€injury,€commonly€referred€toÏas€œARDS›,€Adult€Respiratory€Distress€Syndrome.€€Dr.€Werchowski€andÏhis€partner,€Dr.€Enjeti,€both€treated€Mr.€Hicks.€€He€was€placed€onÏ"empiric€antibiotic€therapy"€and€placed€on€a€ventilator.ÌÌà àDr.€Werchowski€was€asked€the€following€hypothetical€question:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àAssume,€if€you€will,€that€Ronald€Lee€Hicks€workedÏin€a€bag€house€at€Brown€Galvanizing€Company€once€a€week,Ïon€a€Friday,€and€that€his€duties€were€to€shake€down€theÏbag€house,€which€consisted€of€some€materials€that€col…lected€dust€and/or€fumes€from€the€various€metals,€whichÏwe€have€furnished€you€as€being€on€the€property€of€and€inÏthe€bag€house€at€Brown€Galvanizing€Company.ÌÌà8 àà àThat€to€accomplish€this€shaking€down,€a€person€isÏrequired€to€stick€his€arm€between€the€bags€that€areÍlocated€in€the€house,€and€knock€these€bags€from€side€toÏside,€which€would€create€a€dust€cloud€at€that€time.ÌÌà8 àà àThat€the€personnel€who€were€in€the€bag€house,Ïincluding€Ronald€Lee€Hicks,€while€wearing€protectiveÏclothing,€such€as€a€suit€made€of€paper,€or€paper€prod…ucts,€and€a€respirator,€face€ð"ð€full€face€mask€respira…tor,€which€at€times€was€ill€fitting€and€which€at€timesÏwould€permit€this€dust€to€get€up€underneath€the€mask.ÌÌà8 àà àThat€he€came€back€the€next€day€and€attempted€toÏwork,€but€was€ill,€and€that€the€person€who€worked€withÏhim€from€time€to€time€experienced€illness€from€theÏexposure€he€attributed€to€the€bag€house.ÌÌà8 àà àWith€that€history,€Doctor,€and€with€what€you€ob…served€during€your€care€and€treatment€of€Mr.€Ronald€LeeÏHicks,€could€that€have€been€ð"ð€that€exposure€have€beenÏsignificant€enough€to€cause€the€problems€that€you€ulti…mately€treated€Mr.€Hicks€for,€and€for€which€he€ultimate…ly€died?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àIt€could€have.ÌÌà@ à*€€€€€*€€€€€*€€€€€*ÌÓÓÌà àOn€cross€examination€the€following€questions€were€asked€andÏthe€answers€elicited:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àDoctor,€I've€taken€your€sworn€statement€ð"ð€oh,Ïexcuse€me€ð"ð€your€deposition€previously,€and€I€haveÏð"ð€let€me€just€follow€up€on€Mr.€Garner's€question.ÌÌà8 àà0 àWhat€you're€telling€us€here€is€with€that€hypotheti…cal€situation€is€that€he€just€ð"ð€that€he€just€gaveÍyou€is€that€occupational€exposure€is€a€possibility.€ÏIs€that€correct?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àCorrect.ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àQ.à àOkay.€€Everything€that€you're€testifying€to€aboutÏan€occupational€exposure€is€a€mere€possibility.€€IsÏthat€correct?ÌÌà8 àà0 àà àA.à àCorrect.ÌÌÓÓÌà àDr.€Benjamin€D.€Harnsberger,€a€board€certified€œpulmonologist›Ïtestified,€in€person,€on€behalf€of€the€defendant.€€He€related€thatÏhe€had€reviewed€the€medical€records€€and€x„rays€of€the€deceasedÏand€had€visited€the€defendant's€facility.€€He€attributed€Mr.ÏHick's€death€to€lobar€pneumonia.€€While€he€testified€that€deathÏwas€caused€by€lobar€pneumonia,€he€stated€that€he€did€not€know€theÏorganism€or€other€cause€of€the€pneumonia.€€The€sum€and€substanceÏof€Dr.€Harnsberger's€testimony€is€contained€in€the€followingÏstatement€given€to€him€in€response€to€a€question.ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àI€can€see€no€evidence€that€I€can€incriminate€hisÏwork€exposure€with€his€presentation€to€the€hospital€withÏpneumonia.ÌÌÓÓÌà àAfter€hearing€all€the€testimony€and€reviewing€the€deposi…tions,€the€trial€court€rendered€a€memorandum€opinion.€€The€courtÏfound€that€the€medical€proof€does€not€rise€to€the€level€requiredÏby€the€Tennessee€Worker's€Compensation€Act€for€meeting€the€causalÏconnection€requirements€between€the€employment€and€the€injuryÏsuffered.€€An€accidental€injury€arises€out€of€one's€employmentÏwhen€there€is€apparent€to€the€rational€mind,€upon€a€considerationÏof€all€the€circumstances,€a€causal€connection€between€the€condi…tions€under€which€the€work€is€required€to€be€performed€and€theÏresulting€injury.€òòFink€v.€œCaudle›óó,€856€S.W.2d€952€(Tenn.€1993).ÏOrdinarily,€causation€may€only€be€established€by€expert€medicalÏtestimony;€and€the€trial€judge€has€the€discretion€to€determineÏwhich€expert€medical€testimony€to€accept€and€which€to€reject.ÏòòœKellerman›€v.€Food€Lion,€Incóó.,€929€S.W.2d€333€(Tenn.€1996).ÌÌà àOur€standard€of€review€in€cases€of€this€nature€is€de€novoÏupon€the€record€of€the€trial€court,€accompanied€by€a€presumptionÏof€the€correctness€of€the€findings€below,€unless€the€preponderanceÏof€the€evidence€is€otherwise.€T.C.A.€ðð€50„6„225(e)(2).€Under€thisÏstandard,à àwe€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€a€sufficient€causalÍconnection€between€the€deceased's€employment€and€death€has€notÏbeen€established€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence.€€We€alsoÏagree€that€all€of€the€facts€set€out€in€the€hypothetical€questionÏposed€to€Dr.€Werchowski€are€not€established€by€the€evidence.€ÌÌà àAn€employee€has€the€burden€of€proving€every€element€of€aÏworker's€compensation€case€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence.ÏòòœTindall›€v.€œWaring›€Park€œAss'n›óó,€725€S.W.2d€935€(Tenn.€1987).€Causa…tion€and€permanency€must€be€shown€by€expert€medical€evidenceÏexcept€in€the€most€obvious€cases.€òòIdóó.€While€absolute€certainty€isÏnot€required,€medical€proof€must€not€be€speculative€or€so€uncer…tain€regarding€the€cause€of€injury€that€attributing€it€to€theÏplaintiff's€employment€would€be€an€arbitrary€determination€or€aÏmere€possibility.€òòIdóó.€"A€doctor's€testimony€that€a€certain€thingÏis€possible€is€no€evidence€at€all.€....€Almost€anything€is€possi…ble,€and€it€is€thus€improper€to€...€consider€and€base€a€[judgment]Ïupon€a€'possible'€cause€of€death."€òòPalace€Bar,€Inc.€v.€œFearnot›óó,Ï269€Ind.€405,€381€œN.E.2d›€858,€864€(1978).€"The€mere€possibility€ofÏa€causal€relationship,€without€more,€is€insufficient€to€qualify€asÏan€admissible€expert€opinion."€òòœKirschner›€v.€œBroad‚head›óó,€671€F.2dÍ1034,€1039€(œ7th›€Cir.1982);€òòLindsey€v.€Miami€œDev›.€Corpóó.,€689€S.W.2dÏ856€(Tenn.€1985).ÌÌà àIn€conclusion,€the€record€does€not€contain€sufficient€evi…dence€to€establish€that€the€decedent's€death,€more€probably€thanÏnot,€resulted€from€an€exposure€to€toxic€materials€at€his€place€ofÏemployment.€€We€find€no€merit€in€the€plaintiff's€contention€thatÏthe€preponderance€of€the€evidence€is€in€favor€of€the€plaintiff.ÌÌà àWe€will€next€examine€the€plaintiff's€argument€that€the€courtÏerred€in€not€excluding€the€testimony€of€Leon€œDodson›€and€RobertÏDiehl€for€violating€the€rule€regarding€sequestration€of€witnesses.€ÏOur€review€of€the€record€òòin€totoóó€persuades€us€that,€had€theirÏtestimony€been€excluded€entirely,€the€outcome€of€the€case€wouldÏhave€been€the€same.€€The€testimony€of€Mr.€œDodson›€and€Mr.€DiehlÏadded€nothing€to€demonstrate€that€there€was€a€causal€connectionÏbetween€Mr.€Hick's€employment€and€his€death.× ƒ2 ××  ×ÌÌà àWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Costs€are€as…sessed€against€the€appellant.ÌÌÓÓà€ à______________________________Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Don€T.€McMurray,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌE.€Riley€Anderson,€JusticeÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌWilliam€H.€Inman,€Senior€Judge̜р3ÑÇÒ  ÒÒ ° Òà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€IN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÌà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà à€à à€€€€€€€€€€€€€AT€KNOXVILLEÌÌÒ Ê ÒÒ ° ÒÌÒ S ÒÒ ° ÒANN€B.€HICKS,€as€next€of€kin€à àà à€)Ìto€RONALD€LEE€HICKS,€deceased,€€€€)€€€€HAMILTON€CIRCUITÌà àà àà àà àà àà à€à à€€)€€€€No.€€94CV0652Ìà àPlaintiff/Appellant,à àà à€€)€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à€€)€€€à àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à€à àÌvs.€€à àà àà àà àà à€€€€€€)€€Hon.€L.€Marie€Williams€€€€€€Ïà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€)€€€€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€)ÌBROWN€GALVANIZING€CO.,à à€€€€€€€€€€)ÌETALà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€)Ì€€€€€à àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€€03S01„9702€„CV„00016Ì€€€€€€Defendants/Appellee.à àà à€€€à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌà àà àà àà àJUDGMENT€ORDERÌà àà àà àÌà à€€€€€€€€€€€ÓfæÓÓ ø ÓÓ` Ü…X ì–XÓThis€case€is€before€the€Court€upon€theÏentire€record,€including€the€order€of€referral€to€the€SpecialÏWorkersðð€Compensation€Panel,€and€the€Panelððs€MemorandumÏOpinion€setting€forth€its€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€ofÏlaw,€which€are€incorporated€herein€by€reference;Ìà àà àWhereupon,€it€appears€to€the€Court€that€the€Memoran…dum€Opinion€of€the€Panel€should€be€accepted€and€approved;€andÌà àà àIt€is,€therefore,€ordered€that€the€Panelððs€findingsÏof€fact€and€conclusions€of€law€are€adopted€and€affirmed,€andÏthe€decision€of€the€Panel€is€made€the€Judgment€of€the€Court.€Ïà àà àÌÒ  ÒÒ ° Òà à€€€€€Costs€on€appeal€are€taxed€to€the€appellant,€Ann€B.ÏHicks€and€Garner,€Lewis€&€Prickett,€surety,€for€whichÏexecution€may€issue€if€necessary.ÌÌ09/19/97€ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÙ€ÙÙ€Ù<<€Conversion€error€>>à àà àThis€case€is€before€the€CourtÏupon€motion€for€review€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann€.ðð€50„6„225€(e)€(5)€(B),€the€entire€record,€including€the€order€ofÏreferral€to€the€Special€Workersðð€Compensation€AppealsÏPanel,€and€the€Panelððs€Memorandum€Opinion€setting€forthÍits€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law,€which€areÏincorporated€herein€by€reference;ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àà àWhereupon,€it€appears€to€the€Court€that€the€motionÏfor€review€is€not€well€taken€and€should€be€denied;€andÌà àà àIt€is,€therefore,€ordered€that€the€Panelððs€find…ings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law€are€adopted€and€af…firmed,€and€the€decision€of€the€Panel€is€made€the€judgmentÏof€the€Court.Ìà àà àCosts€will€be€paid€by€the€plaintiff„appellant€andÏsureties,€for€which€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.Ìà àà àIT€IS€SO€ORDERED€this€____€day€of€June,€1997.ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àPER€CURIAMÌÌAnderson,€J.€„€Not€ParticipatingÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ<<€Conversion€error€>>à àà àThis€case€is€before€the€CourtÏupon€motion€for€review€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann€.ðð€50„6„225€(e)€(5)€(B),€the€entire€record,€including€the€order€ofÏreferral€to€the€Special€Workersðð€Compensation€AppealsÏPanel,€and€the€Panelððs€Memorandum€Opinion€setting€forthÏits€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law,€which€areÏincorporated€herein€by€reference;Ìà àà àWhereupon,€it€appears€to€the€Court€that€the€motionÏfor€review€is€not€well€taken€and€should€be€denied;€andÌà àà àIt€is,€therefore,€ordered€that€the€Panelððs€find…ings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law€are€adopted€and€af…firmed,€and€the€decision€of€the€Panel€is€made€the€judgmentÏof€the€Court.Ìà àà àCosts€will€be€paid€by€the€plaintiff„appellant€andÏsureties,€for€which€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.Ìà àà àIT€IS€SO€ORDERED€this€____€day€of€June,€1997.ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àPER€CURIAMÌÌAnderson,€J.€„€Not€ParticipatingÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌal€to€the€Special€Workerðð€Compensation€Panel,€and€theÏPanelððs€Memorandum€Opinion€setting€forth€its€findings€ofÏfact€and€conclusions€of€law,€which€are€incorporated€hereinÏby€reference;Ìà àÌà àWhereupon,€it€appears€to€the€Court€that€the€MemorandumÏOpinion€of€the€Panel€should€be€accepted€and€approved;€andÌÌà àIt€is,€therefore,€ordered€that€the€Panelððs€findings€ofÏact€and€conclusions€of€law€are€adopted€and€affirmed,€andÏthe€decision€of€the€Panel€is€made€the€Judgment€of€theÏCourt.ÌÌà àCosts€on€appeal€are€taxed€€to€the€plaintiff„appellant,ÏVernon€Harris€andÌGilbert€and€Faulkner.€surety,€for€which€execution€mayÏissue€if€necessary.€€ÌÌ06/03//97à àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌà àœÔ€)Ô›