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ÔÔ€ÔÔ€ôÔÔ€XÔÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ 8 ÒÖ€.ÖÑ  ÑÔ&  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÙ€!ÙÖ€1ÖÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€¼ÔÔ€ÔßR€230A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRßÞ ÞÌIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌSPECIAL€WORKERS'€COMPENSATION€APPEALS€PANELÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌ(October€22,€1996€Session)ÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓINSURANCE€COMPANY€OF€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌNORTH€AMERICA,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€,Ô€Ô€¼Ô€€€€)€€€€€FENTRESS€CIRCUITÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€XÔ€Ô€¼Ô€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Plaintiff„Appellee,€€€€Ô€Ô€Ô€¼Ô€€Ô€ôÔ€Ô€¼Ô€)€€€€€Hon.€Conrad€E.€Troutman,Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€Ô€Ô€¼Ô€€€€Ô€,Ô€Ô€¼Ô€)€€€€€Judge.Ìv.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€XÔ€Ô€¼Ô€€Ô€Ô€Ô€¼Ô€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€ôÔ€Ô€¼Ô€€€€Ô€ôÔ€Ô€¼Ô€€)€€€€€No.€01S01„9602„CV„00037ÌRONNIE€STORIE,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€Ô€Ô€¼Ô€Ô€XÔ€Ô€¼Ô€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Defendant„Appellant.€€€€€€€)ÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€òòFor€Appellee:ÌóóÌRandall€A.€York€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Robert€M.€ShelorÌCrossville,€Tennessee€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Kennerly,€Montgomery€&ÏFinleyÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Knoxville,€TennesseeÌWilliam€J.€CampbellÌJamestown,€TennesseeÌÌÌÌÌòòÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓM€E€M€O€R€A€N€D€U€M€€€€O€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÌÌÌÌÌòòMembers€of€Panelóó:ÌÌFrank€F.€Drowota,€III,€Associate€Justice,€Supreme€CourtÌÔ'  ÔRobert€S.€Brandt,€Senior€JudgeÌJoe€C.€Loser,€Jr.,€Special€JudgeÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓREVERSED€AND€REMANDED€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Loser,ÏJudgeÓ ¹ ÓÌòòÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓMEMORANDUM€OPINIONóóÓ rAÓÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓà àà àThis€workers'€compensation€appeal€has€been€referred€to€theÏSpecial€Workers'€Compensation€Appeals€Panel€of€the€Supreme€Court€inÏaccordance€with€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€section€50„6„225(e)(3)€for€hearing€andÏreporting€of€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law.€€The€issue€presented€byÏthis€appeal€is€whether€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trial€court'sÏfinding€that€the€employee's€injury€was€proximately€caused€by€intoxication.€ÏAs€discussed€below,€the€panel€has€concluded€the€judgment€should€beÏreversed€and€the€case€remanded€for€an€award€of€benefits.Ìà àà àThe€claimant€or€employee,€Storie,€is€forty„five€years€old€andÏhas€an€eighth€grade€education.€€On€March€18,€1993,€he€reported€to€work€atÏ6:30€p.m.€at€Kentucky€Apparel€to€perform€his€usual€duties€as€a€maintenanceÏmechanic.€€During€the€course€of€the€shift,€he€needed€to€obtain€some€copperÏtubing€and€light€bulbs€to€perform€his€duties.€€Those€supplies€were€storedÏabove€a€dropped€ceiling€above€the€maintenance€office€and€accessible€by€aÏladder€and€some€loose€boards.Ìà àà àThe€claimant€negotiated€the€ladder€without€a€problem,€butÏslipped€and€fell€when€one€of€the€loose€boards€moved.€€He€fell€through€theÏceiling€and€onto€a€concrete€floor€in€the€men's€rest€room€below,€frightening€aÏuser,€who€beat€a€hasty€exit€and€reported€the€accident.€€The€claimant€sufferedÏmultiple€injuries,€including€a€broken€arm€and€back€injury.€€We€find€in€theÏrecord€no€direct€evidence€the€claimant€was€intoxicated€at€the€time.€€In€fact,Íhe€had€apparently€performed€his€duties€satisfactorily€until€the€accidentÏoccurred.€€The€injurious€accident€occurred€shortly€before€2:45€a.€m.€onÏMarch€19th.Ìà àà àAfter€some€delay,€he€was€driven€to€the€Fentress€County€HospitalÏby€a€co„worker,€arriving€at€about€3:00€a.€m.€€When€no€doctor€was€availableÏto€treat€his€arm€injury,€he€was€transported€to€the€Putnam€County€Hospital.€ÏWhen€he€arrived€there€at€about€6:30€a.€m.,€he€smelled€of€alcohol€and€a€bloodÏalcohol€test€revealed€an€alcohol€content€of€approximately€.20€percent.€€TheÏclaimant€insists€he€consumed€the€alcohol,€retrieved€from€his€own€vehicle€atÏthe€plant€and€provided€by€a€friend€while€waiting€for€medical€attention,€afterÏthe€accident,€to€help€relieve€pain€associated€with€his€injuries.Ìà àà àThe€trial€court€disallowed€the€claim€as€being€proximatelyÏcaused€by€intoxication.€€Appellate€review€is€de€novo€upon€the€record€of€theÏtrial€court,€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctness€of€the€findings€ofÏfact,€unless€the€preponderance€of€the€evidence€is€otherwise.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€section€50„6„225(e)(2).€€This€tribunal€is€required€to€conduct€anÏindependent€examination€of€the€record€to€determine€where€theÏpreponderance€of€the€evidence€lies.€€òòGalloway€v.€Memphis€Drum€Serviceóó,Ï822€€S.W.2d€€584€(Tenn.€1991).Ìà àà àWorkers'€compensation€benefits€are€payable€without€regard€toÏfault€of€the€employer€or€care€exercised€by€the€employee,€òòMorrison€v.ÏTennessee€Consolidated€Coal€Co.óó,€€162€€Tenn.€€523,€€39€€S.W.2d€€272Ï(1931),€except€in€cases€where€the€employee€is€guilty€of€willful€misconduct,Ïintentional€self„inflicted€injury,€intoxication,€or€willful€failure€to€use€a€safetyÏappliance€or€to€perform€a€duty€required€by€law.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€sectionÏ50„6„110.€€Moreover,€the€purposes,€among€others,€of€the€Workers'ÏCompensation€Act€are€to€provide€the€injured€employee€with€compensationÏfor€his€loss€of€earning€capacity€without€imposing€upon€him€the€burden€ofÏestablishing€liability€under€traditional€principles€of€negligence€and€to€placeÏupon€industry,€rather€than€the€public,€the€ultimate€cost€of€risks€incident€to,Ïand€injuries€and€death€resulting€from,€the€production€of€goods€and€services.€ÏòòSeeóó,€e.g.,€òòCrane€Company€v.€Jamiesonóó,€192€€Tenn.€41,€€237€€S.W.2d€€546Ï(1951).Ìà àà àIn€order€to€defeat€an€injured€employee's€claim€for€benefitsÏbecause€of€intoxication,€the€employer€must€prove€that€the€employee€hadÏvoluntarily€become€intoxicated€and€that€such€intoxication€was€the€proximateÏcause€of€the€injury€or€death.€€òòOverall€v.€Southern€Subaru€Star,€Inc.óó,€545€ÏS.W.2d€€1€(Tenn.€1976).€€Evidence€that€the€blood€alcohol€content€in€theÏinjured€or€deceased€worker's€blood€exceeded€0.10€percent€is€not€sufficient€toÏestablish€intoxication€as€the€proximate€cause.€€òòGentry€v.€Lilly€Co.óó,€€225€ÏTenn.€€708,€€476€€S.W.2d€€252€(1971),€òòWooten€Transports,€Inc.€v€Hunteróó,Ï535€€S.W.2d€€858€(Tenn.€1976).Ìà àà àWhile€this€claimant's€explanation€for€his€blood€alcohol€contentÏmay€be€implausible,€even€incredible,€it€is€clear€from€the€record€that€he€wasÏable€to€perform€his€duties€until€injured€and€there€is€no€direct€evidence€heÏwas€intoxicated€at€the€time€of€the€injury.€€Moreover,€the€high€blood€alcoholÏcontent,€because€it€was€not€discovered€until€some€four€hours€after€theÏaccident,€is€a€circumstance€that€seems€to€support,€rather€than€contradict,€thatÏexplanation.€€Consequently,€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trialÏcourt's€finding€of€intoxication€as€the€proximate€cause€of€the€employee'sÏinjuries.Ìà àà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€accordingly€reversed€and€theÏcause€remanded€to€that€court€for€such€further€proceedings€as€may€beÏnecessary.€€Cost€on€appeal€are€taxed€to€the€plaintiff„appellee.Ó *bÓÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓ_______________________________Ó ÓÌÓ  Ó€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Joe€C.€Loser,€Jr.,€JudgeÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ________________________________ÌFrank€F.€Drowota,€III,€Associate€JusticeÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€Separate€Dissenting€Opinion€€€€€€€€€óóÌRobert€S.€Brandt,€JudgeÌÑ€4ÑÇÑ Ü ÑÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ  ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€þ)¼ôdÈXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ñò òßJ€25;+'b|` ç `€@ÿJß›à@ àÔ€ ÔIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àSPECIAL€WORKERSðð€COMPENSATION€APPEALS€PANELÌÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÔ€„ÔÌà@ àó óÔ€îÔ(October€22,€1996€Session)Ô€„Ôò òÌÌÔ€¼ÔÌó óINSURANCE€COMPANY€OFà àà à)ÌNORTH€AMERICA,€€€€€€€€€€à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àFENTRESS€CIRCUITÌà àPlaintiff/Appellee,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€Conrad€E.€Troutman,€JudgeÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€01S01„9602„CV„00037ÌRONNIE€STORIE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àDefendant/Appellant.à àà à)ÌÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌRandall€A€Yorkà àà àà àà àà àRobert€M.€ShelorÌCrossville,€Tennesseeà àà àà àà àKennerly,€Montgomery€&€FinleyÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àKnoxville,€TennesseeÌWilliam€J.€CampbellÌJamestown,€TennesseeÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ àòòMembers€of€Panelóó:ÌÌà0 àà0 àFrank€F.€Drowota,€III,€Associate€Justice,€Supreme€CourtÌà àà àà àà àRobert€S.€Brandt,€Senior€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àJoe€C.€Loser,€Jr.,€Special€JudgeÌÌÌÌœ›ÌDISSENTING€OPINIONà àà àà àà àà àà àBrandt,€JudgeÇÓ€ÓÔ€„Ôà@ àò òòòDISSENTóóó ó̜Ԁ¼Ô›Ìà àI€respectfully€dissent.€€The€evidence€supports€the€trial€courtððsÏconclusion.€€The€decision€should€be€affirmed.ÌÌà àAt€the€Cookeville€hospital€five€hours€after€the€accident,€the€plaintiffððsÏblood€alcohol€level€was€200.8€milligrams€per€deciliter.€€In€commonÏcourthouse€parlance,€this€was€a€.20€„€twice€the€level€necessary€to€presumeÏdrunk€driving.€€The€question€for€the€trial€court€was€whether€it€was€moreÏlikely€than€not€that€the€plaintiff€was€intoxicated€when€he€injured€himself,€andÏif€so,€whether€the€intoxication€was€a€contributing€cause.€€The€plaintiff€couldÏhave€consumed€the€alcohol€before€he€reported€for€work€around€6:30€p.m.,€orÏhe€could€have€consumed€it€at€work,€or€he€could€have€consumed€it€after€theÏaccident.€€ÌÌà àThe€plaintiff€could€not€have€consumed€the€alcohol€before€he€startedÏwork.€€If€he€had€consumed€enough€alcohol€to€test€as€he€did€more€than€twelveÏhours€after€the€accident,€he€could€not€have€functioned€at€work.€€€That€leavesÏduring€work€and€after€the€accident€as€the€two€alternatives.ÌÌà àThe€plaintiff€contends€he€drank€some€whiskey€after€the€accident.€€HeÏclaims€that€after€he€fell,€he€went€outside€to€his€car€and€drank€whiskey€and€thenÏdrank€more€whiskey€at€the€Jamestown€hospital.€€But€his€story€is€not€credible.€ÌÌà àIn€the€first€place,€when€the€other€workers€came€to€his€aid,€the€plaintiffÏwas€still€lying€on€the€bathroom€floor.€€Several€people€were€around€followingÍthe€accident,€but€no€one€testified€that€they€saw€the€plaintiff€leave€and€return€toÏthe€building.€€Indeed,€the€security€guard€stationed€at€the€door€testified€sheÏnever€saw€the€plaintiff€leave.ÌÌà àIf€the€plaintiff€is€to€be€believed,€he€got€off€the€bathroom€floor,€walkedÏto€the€factory€door,€propped€it€open€so€he€could€get€back€in,€struggled€to€hisÏcar,€opened€his€car€door,€pulled€a€bottle€of€whiskey€from€beneath€the€frontÏseat,€opened€the€bottle€and€maybe€broke€the€seal€„€there€is€a€conflict€betweenÏhis€trial€testimony€and€his€deposition€testimony€„€returned€the€bottle,€made€hisÏway€back€to€the€factory,€moved€the€door€stop,€went€back€into€the€bathroom,Ïand€positioned€himself€as€if€he€had€just€fallen€through€the€ceiling.€He€did€allÏthis,€he€claims,€with€a€broken€wrist€and€in€a€weakened,€dazed€condition.€€à àÌÌà àHe€does€not€drink€whiskey,€he€testified.€€He€just€happened€to€have€a€pintÏof€it€in€his€car€for€his€ð ðfriends€down€in€Pickett€County.ðð€€€A€pint€of€whiskeyÏwill€not€go€very€far€with€a€group€of€drinkers€in€Pickett€County€or€anywhereÏelse.€€The€bottle€was€not€in€the€trunk€or€glove€compartment,€likely€places€toÏstore€it€for€his€travels€into€Pickett€County.€€Instead,€the€whiskey€bottle€wasÏconveniently€located€under€the€front€seat.€The€plaintiff€drank€half€of€the€pint,Ïhe€says,€in€one€or€two€sips.€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà àThe€plaintiff,€who€says€he€does€not€even€drink€whiskey,€testified€heÏdrank€even€more€whiskey€at€the€Jamestown€hospital.€€His€friend€J.€R.€ReynoldsÏbrought€him€some€in€a€Pepsi€can.€€Yet€co„worker€James€Adams€who€was€withÏthe€plaintiff€the€whole€time€the€plaintiff€was€at€the€Jamestown€hospital,€exceptÏwhen€the€plaintiff€was€taken€to€X„ray,€testified€he€never€œsaw›€the€plaintiffÍdrinking€whiskey€from€a€Pepsi€can.€€The€plaintiff€said€his€father€was€with€himÏœat›€the€hospital.€€But€his€father€did€not€testify.€€Neither€did€J.€R.€Reynolds,Ïthough€the€plaintiff€did€testify€that€he€had€tried€to€find€Reynolds€before€theÏtrial.€ÌÌà àGiven€the€incredible€nature€of€the€plaintiffððs€story,€the€trial€court€wasÏjustified€in€rejecting€it.€€The€trial€court€was€justified€in€concluding€that€theÏplaintiff€did€not€drink€after€the€accident.ÌÌà àThe€only€logical€conclusion€is€that€the€plaintiff€drank€at€work.€€AndÏgiven€the€level€of€his€blood€alcohol€hours€later€at€the€Cookeville€hospital,€heÏsurely€was€intoxicated€at€work.€€The€question€then€becomes€whether€theÏintoxication€contributed€to€the€accident.ÌÌà àThe€plaintiff€had€gone€above€the€ceiling€to€retrieve€some€light€bulbs€andÏcopper€tubing.€€He€knew€the€area€well.€€Yet€he€fell.€€And€he€gave€twoÏdifferent€versions€of€how€he€fell,€one€in€which€he€says€he€lost€his€footing€andÏanother€in€which€he€says€a€board€moved.€€Intoxication€slows€a€personððsÏresponse€and€makes€him€less€agile.€€A€logical€inference€from€the€intoxicationÏand€the€fall€is€that€intoxication€was€a€contributing€cause.ÌÌà àI€would€affirm€the€denial€of€workers€compensation.€€€€€ÌÓÓÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à____________________________ÌœRobert›€S.€Brandt,€JudgeœÇÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÑ X ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÔ€ÔÔ€XÔà@ àIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÌßJ€26;+'b| ` ç `€@ÿJßÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌÌÌÌINSURANCE€COMPANY€OF€NORTH)€à àFentress€CircuitÌAMERICA,à àà àà àà à)à àNo.€€7085Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àPlaintiff„Appellee,à àà àà à)à àHon.€Conrad€E.€Troutman,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìv.€à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNO.€01„S„01„9602„CV„00037ÌRONNIE€STORIE,€€€€€€à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àDefendant„Appellant.à àà à)à àReversed€and€remanded.ÌÌÌÌà@ àò òòòJUDGMENT€ORDERóóó óÌÌÌÓÖÓÓÓÓ  Óà àà àThis€case€is€before€the€Court€upon€motion€for€review€pursuant€to€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€50„6„225(e)(5)(B),€the€entire€record,€including€the€order€of€referral€toÏthe€Special€Workers'€Compensation€Appeals€Panel,€and€the€Panel's€MemorandumÏOpinion€setting€forth€its€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law,€which€areÏincorporated€herein€by€reference;ÌÌà àà àWhereupon,€it€appears€to€the€Court€that€the€motion€for€review€is€not€well„taken€and€should€be€denied;€andÌÌà àà àIt€is,€therefore,€ordered€that€the€Panel's€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€ofÏlaw€are€adopted€and€affirmed,€and€the€decision€of€the€Panel€is€made€the€judgmentÏof€the€Court.ÌÌà àà àCosts€are€taxed€to€the€plaintiff„appellee.ÌÌà àà àIT€IS€SO€ORDERED€this€9th€day€of€October,€1997.ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPER€CURIAMÌDrowota,€J.,€not€participatingÓÖÓÔ€ÔÔ€¼Ô