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ÔÔ€ÔÔ€ôÔÔ€XÔÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ 8 ÒÖ€-ÖÑ  ÑÔ&  ÔÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÖ€.ÖÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€¼ÔÔ€ÔÞ ÞÌIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÌÙ€!ÙßR€120A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRßÌSPECIAL€WORKERS'€COMPENSATION€APPEALS€PANELÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌ(August€29,€1997€Session)ÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓCHARLES€C.€JONES,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€,Ô€Ô€¼Ô€€€€)€€€€€RUTHERFORD€CIRCUITÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€ôÔ€Ô€¼Ô€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Plaintiff„Appellee,€€€€€€€€)€€€€€Hon.€Robert€Corlew,Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€ôÔ€Ô€¼Ô€€€€€)€€€€€Judge.Ìv.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€ôÔ€Ô€¼Ô€€)€€€€€No.€01S01„9703„CV„00057ÌTRIDON€and€LIBERTY€MUTUAL€€€€€€)ÌINSURANCE€COMPANY,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€,Ô€Ô€¼Ô€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€,Ô€Ô€¼Ô€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Defendants„Appellants,€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€,Ô€Ô€¼Ô€€€€€€)Ìand€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€XÔ€Ô€¼Ô€€€)ÌROYAL€INSURANCE€COMPANY,€€Ô€,Ô€Ô€XÔ€Ô€¼Ô€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€XÔ€Ô€¼Ô€€€€€€)Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Defendant„Appellee.€€€€Ô€XÔ€Ô€¼Ô€€€)ÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantsóó:€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€òòFor€Appellee,€Jones:óóÌÌLuther€E.€Cantrell,€Jr.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Jim€WisemanÌDavies,€Cantrell€&€Humphrey€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Sally€SchneiderÌNashville,€Tennessee€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Murfreesboro,€TennesseeòòÌóóÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€òòFor€Appellee,€Royal€InsuranceÏCompany:óóÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Randolph€A.€VeazeyÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Glasgow€&€VeazeyÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Nashville,€TennesseeÌÌÌòòÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓM€E€M€O€R€A€N€D€U€M€€€€O€P€I€N€I€O€NóóÌÌÔ'  ÔÌòòMembers€of€Panelóó:ÌÌFrank€F.€Drowota,€III,€Associate€Justice,€Supreme€CourtÌWilliam€H.€Inman,€Senior€JudgeÌJoe€C.€Loser,€Jr.,€Special€JudgeÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓAFFIRMED€IN€PARTÌÓ  ÓREVERSED€IN€PART€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Loser,ÏJudgeÓ ¹ ÓÌòòÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓMEMORANDUM€OPINIONóóÓ rAÓÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓà àà àThis€workers'€compensation€appeal€has€been€referred€to€theÏSpecial€Workers'€Compensation€Appeals€Panel€of€the€Supreme€Court€inÏaccordance€with€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€section€50„6„225(e)(3)€for€hearing€andÏreporting€of€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law.€€In€this€appeal,€theÏdefendants„appellants€contend€(1)€the€evidence€preponderates€against€theÏtrial€court's€finding€of€an€injury€by€accident,€(2)€the€evidence€preponderatesÏagainst€the€trial€court's€finding€that€the€claimant's€injury€was€one€arising€outÏof€the€employment,€(3)€the€trial€court€exceeded€its€authority€under€an€agreedÏorder,€and€(4)€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trial€court's€award€ofÏmedical€and€temporary€total€disability€benefits.€€As€discussed€below,€theÏpanel€has€concluded€the€award€of€medical€and€temporary€total€disabilityÏbenefits€should€be€reversed€and€the€judgment€otherwise€affirmed.Ìà àà àThe€claimant,€Jones,€was€an€employee€of€the€employer,€Tridon,Ïon€January€3,€1993,€when€he€suffered€a€compensable€back€injury€and€wasÏprovided€some€medical€benefits€by€the€employer's€insurer,€Royal.€€HeÏcontinued€to€work€and,€in€January€of€1994,€requested€additional€benefits,Ïclaiming€a€new€injury.€€He€was€given€a€list€of€approved€physicians€but€chose,Ïwithout€further€consulting€the€employer€or€its€insurer,€to€see€a€chiropractorÏwho€was€not€on€the€list.Ìà àà àThe€trial€court€found€that€a€compensable€injury€occurred€onÍJanuary€21,€1994€and€awarded€the€medical€expenses€for€treatment€by€Dr.ÏMcCombs,€36€weeks€of€temporary€total€disability€benefits€and€permanentÏpartial€disability€benefits€based€on€15%€to€the€body€as€a€whole.€€No€issue€hasÏbeen€raised€with€respect€to€the€extent€of€permanent€partial€disability.Ìà àà àAppellate€review€is€de€novo€upon€the€record€of€the€trial€court,Ïaccompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctness€of€the€findings€of€fact,€unlessÏthe€preponderance€of€the€evidence€is€otherwise.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€sectionÏ50„6„225(e)(2).€€This€panel€is€required€to€conduct€an€independentÏexamination€of€the€record€to€determine€where€the€preponderance€of€theÏevidence€lies.€€òòWingert€v.€Government€of€Sumner€Countyóó,€908€€S.W.2d€€921Ï(Tenn.€1995).€€Where€the€trial€judge€has€seen€and€heard€the€witnesses,Ïespecially€if€issues€of€credibility€and€weight€to€be€given€oral€testimony€areÏinvolved,€considerable€deference€must€be€accorded€those€circumstances€onÏreview.€€òòHumphrey€v.€David€Witherspoon,€Inc.óó,€734€€S.W.2d€€315€€(Tenn.Ï1987).ÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓ(1)ÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓà àà àThe€claimant€testified€that€he€suffered€back€pain€when€he€wasÏbending€over€to€pick€up€a€crate€at€work€on€January€21,€1994.€€He€reported€itÏto€his€supervisor€the€same€day,€but€was€able€to€complete€his€shift.€€The€painÏwas€so€severe€by€the€next€morning€he€had€difficulty€getting€out€of€bed€andÏwas€unable€to€work.€€A€chiropractor€diagnosed€a€bulging€disc.Ìà àà àAn€accidental€injury€is€one€which€cannot€be€reasonablyÏanticipated,€is€unexpected€and€is€precipitated€by€an€unusual€combination€ofÏfortuitous€circumstances.€€òòA.€C.€Lawrence€Leather€Company€v.€Lovedayóó,Ï455€€S.W.2d€€141.€€From€a€deliberate€consideration€of€the€record,€the€panelÏfinds€the€evidence€fails€to€preponderate€against€the€trial€court's€finding€thatÏthe€claimant€suffered€an€injury€by€accident€on€January€21,€1994,€whileÏbending€over€to€pick€up€a€crate.ÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓ(2)ÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓà àà àAn€accidental€injury€arises€out€of€one's€employment€when€thereÏis€apparent€to€the€rational€mind,€upon€a€consideration€of€all€theÏcircumstances,€a€causal€connection€between€the€conditions€under€which€theÏwork€is€required€to€be€performed€and€the€resulting€injury.€€òòFink€v.€Caudleóó,Ï856€€S.W.2d€€952€(Tenn.€1993).€€In€order€to€establish€that€an€injury€was€oneÏarising€out€of€the€employment,€the€cause€of€the€injury€must€be€proved€byÏexpert€medical€testimony.€€òòThomas€v.€Aetna€Life€and€Cas.€Ins.€Co.óó,€812€ÏS.W.2d€€278€(Tenn.€1991).€€Chiropractors€are€competent€to€testify€asÏexperts€within€the€scope€of€their€profession.€€òòHumphrey€v.€DavidÏWitherspoonóó,€supra.Ìà àà àThe€proof€of€causation€in€this€case€came€from€the€medicalÏreport€of€the€chiropractor,€wherein€he€opined€that€the€claimant's€injury€wasÏone€arising€out€of€his€employment.€€We€find€in€the€record€no€countervailingÏexpert€medical€testimony.€€Consequently,€we€do€not€find€the€evidence€toÏpreponderate€against€the€trial€court's€finding€that€the€injury€was€workÏrelated.ÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓ(3)ÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓà àà àOn€application€of€the€claimant€and€with€the€consent€of€theÏemployer,€an€interlocutory€order€was€entered€in€the€trial€court€for€aÏbifurcated€trial.€€It€was€agreed€that€the€first€hearing€would€be€solely€for€theÏpurpose€of€determining€whether€the€claimant€had€suffered€a€compensableÏinjury.€€The€order€specifically€provided€that€the€court€would€make€noÏ"determination€of€liability€between€the€defendants"€at€the€first€hearing.Ñ  ÑÑ   ÑÑ  ÑÑ€/ §u` Ñ× ƒ3 ××  ×€ÏPursuant€to€that€agreed€order,€the€trial€court€conducted€a€hearing€and€madeÏan€interlocutory€finding€that€the€claimant€suffered€a€compensable€injury€byÏaccident€on€January€21,€1994.Ìà àà àThe€claimant€and€Liberty€Mutual€contend€the€trial€courtÏ"exceeded€its€authority€under€the€agreed€order,"€by€fixing€the€date€of€theÍinjury.€€We€disagree.€€Moreover,€parties€to€litigation€are€not€at€liberty€toÏlimit€a€court's€authority,€or€subject€matter€jurisdiction.€€That€would€be€theÏexclusive€province€of€the€General€Assembly,€which€has€expressly€given€theÏcircuit€court,€concurrently€with€chancery€and€criminal€courts,€jurisdiction€toÏdetermine€claims€under€the€Workers'€Compensation€Law€of€this€state.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€section€50„6„225(a),(b)€and€(c).Ìà àà àAdditionally€and€as€already€noted,€the€evidence€fails€toÏpreponderate€against€the€trial€court's€interlocutory€finding,€from€which€theÏtrial€judge€wisely€denied€an€application€for€an€interlocutory€appeal.€€WhileÏbifurcated€trials€may€be€fashionable,€they€usually€serve€little€purpose€inÏworkers'€compensation€cases.€€The€third€issue€is€resolved€in€favor€of€theÏclaimant.ÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓ(4)ÌòòMedical€ExpensesóóÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓà àà àWhen€a€covered€employee€suffers€an€injury€by€accident€arisingÏout€of€and€in€the€course€of€his€employment,€his€employer€is€required€toÏprovide,€free€of€charge€to€the€injured€employee,€all€medical€and€hospitalÏcare€which€is€reasonable€necessary€on€account€of€the€injury.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€section€50„6„204.€€The€injured€employee€is€required€to€accept€theÏmedical€benefits€provided€by€the€employer€and€must€consult€with€theÏemployer€before€choosing€a€treating€physician€and,€unless€the€injuredÏemployee€has€a€reasonable€excuse€for€the€failure€to€consult€with€theÏemployer€first,€the€injured€employee€may€be€responsible€for€his€ownÏmedical€expenses.€€òòEmerson€Electric€Co.€v.€Forrestóó,€536€€S.W.2d€€343Ï(Tenn.€1976).Ìà àà àIn€this€case,€the€evidence€establishes€that€the€employer€offeredÏmedical€care€from€a€list€of€three€physicians€and€that€the€claimant€simplyÏrejected€all€three€in€favor€of€one€of€his€own€choosing,€without€a€reasonableÏexcuse€for€doing€so.€€Consequently,€the€award€of€medical€expenses€isÍreversed.ÌòòÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓTemporary€Total€Disability€BenefitsóóÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓà àà àTemporary€total€disability€refers€to€the€injured€employee'sÏcondition€while€disabled€to€work€because€of€his€injury€and€until€he€recoversÏas€far€as€the€nature€of€his€injury€permits.€€òòRedmond€v.€McMinn€Countyóó,€209€ÏTenn.€€463,€354€€S.W.2d€€714€(1962).€€Benefits€for€temporary€totalÏdisability€are€payable€until€the€injured€employee€is€able€to€return€to€workÏor,€if€he€does€not€return€to€work,€until€he€attains€maximum€recovery€fromÏhis€injury,€at€which€time€his€entitlement€to€such€benefits€terminates.€€òòPrinceÏv.€Sentry€Ins.€Co.óó,€908€€S.W.2d€€937€(Tenn.€1995).€€If€disability€exists€forÏless€than€seven€days,€excluding€the€day€of€the€injury,€such€benefits€are€notÏallowed.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€section€50„6„205(a).Ìà àà àWe€find€in€the€record€no€evidence€that€the€claimant€wasÏdisabled€to€work€for€seven€days€or€more.€€The€award€of€temporary€totalÏdisability€benefits€is€accordingly€reversed.Ìà àà àThe€judgment€is€otherwise€affirmed.€€Costs€on€appeal€are€taxedÏone„half€each€to€the€plaintiff„appellee€and€the€defendants„appellants.Ó *bÓÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ` ‹XÓ_______________________________Ó ÓÌÓ  Ó€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Joe€C.€Loser,€Jr.,€Special€JudgeÌÓ  ÓÓ ` ŒXÓCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌFrank€F.€Drowota,€III,€Associate€JusticeÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌWilliam€H.€Inman,€Senior€JudgeÌÑ€4ÑÇÒ  ÒÒ £ Òòòà@ àIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÌßJ€15;+'b|#+` ç `€@ÿJßÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌÌÌCHARLES€JONES,à àà àà à}à àRUTHERFORD€CIRCUITÌà àPlaintiff/Appellee,à àà àà à}à àNo.€33965€BelowÌà àà àà àà àà àà à}à àÌvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à}à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à}à àHon.€Robert€Corlew,ÌTRIDON€and€LIBERTY€MUTUALà à}à àChancellorÌINSURANCE€COMPANY,à àà à}Ìà àDefendants/Appellants,à àà à}Ìandà àà àà àà àà àà à}à àNo.€01S01„9703„CV„00057Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à}ÌROYAL€INSURANCE€COMPANY,à à}à àAFFIRMED€IN€PART,Ìà àDefendant/Appellee.à àà à}à àREVERSED€IN€PART.ÌÌÌà@ àJUDGMENT€ORDERÌÌÌÓ€Óà àà àThis€case€is€before€the€Court€upon€the€entire€record,€including€theÏorder€of€referral€to€the€Special€Workers'€Compensation€Appeals€Panel,€and€theÏPanel's€Memorandum€Opinion€setting€forth€its€findings€of€fact€and€conclusionsÏof€law,€which€are€incorporated€herein€by€reference.Ìà àà àWhereupon,€it€appears€to€the€Court€that€the€Memorandum€OpinionÏof€the€Panel€should€be€accepted€and€approved;€andÌà àà àIt€is,€therefore,€ordered€that€the€Panel's€findings€of€fact€andÏconclusions€of€law€are€adopted€and€affirmed,€and€the€decision€of€the€Panel€isÏmade€the€judgment€of€the€Court.ÌÓ ` ` šXÓà àà àOne„half€of€the€costs€will€be€paid€by€Plaintiff/Appellee,€Charles€C.ÏJones;€and€the€other€one„half€of€the€costs€will€be€paid€by€Defendants/Appellants,ÏTridon€and€Liberty€Mutual€Insurance€Company€and€their€Surety,€for€whichÍexecution€may€issue€if€necessary.ÌÓÓà àà àIT€IS€SO€ORDERED€on€October€31,€1997.ÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPER€CURIAMÌóó