ÿWPCä$ b¬ªÈ†ÅçYéñ[0¬&Ò…£tÛ/Ój\)&vÙ§?"FígGÊGÛŠšÌòZ"ý#ÀÑzªB¼Ut~îz ¤äÕWO0:áƒ6$êbÎÕ¨wMHQ½øÆZ<_­Ï¤íùûùÇ'7†+Ÿ‡/É>£†¬‚… µOÇÚbƹ"PUΑ¼ÆPý!´À´oÖM«Ï±¦ ù c ¼OÓ ÜÏ›gP­Ž#0.æ²å¦‹’¤ç<‰2Ù™oI ;M]+fv:&1™I—<ð¬ŒÈÄÃÞ©áÂÂL8›aƒ®@Âç(¨çT"t)ùøú²{ÇÑ–à]öž«âìUÌ<¿eÙ¹R~Ö°¢m$@_Ñ1$€Q ½ßêÏ j€ÐÇRóÑ>‹ft^äûr“ꃭ±›²!~M„ ¹¸¦kÊîAç¹8[ú5Yóñ •¨¡»ÕáeMÆK^úºû>“õƒäJ¨´B<ØÍðס û0ª•œ)Ý£.# „UN %Ý 0ûãU:Þ4,:;U Nu UNà  w@ 0 ?Y 0 D˜ ›Ü UNwÅUNÝt+UNŸíUN ­YUNUNT¢Æ¢ 0Dh¥¬ 0DQ D/• AQÄUNUNc 0D± Bõ B0/Š_UNé!7" D3:#U:m#§#U:ª$˜HP LaserJet 4 PlusHPPCL5MS,ð,,,,,ð0nLHÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ÓH=$¡¡Ñ  ÑÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÔ€XÎ_XXXÔÑ7€¾úXXdðXXdð7Ñ, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularDLL%øð 3|xá$ 0Ý ƒ 3$ÝÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÔ€XˆãXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ X’XXXˆãÔÔ€ ôÆ_ôX X’ÔBecause€Mrs.€Skelton€had€already€been€assessed€by€Dr.€Schoettle€as€having€reached€maximumÐ ° Ðmedical€improvement€as€of€August€11,€1993,€Robertshaw€declined€to€provide€temporary€total€disability€benefitsÏfor€her€time€off€work€in€March€and€April€to€see€Dr.€Schoettle.€€Mrs.€Skeltonððs€awareness€of€this€refusal€soonÏcame€to€play€in€a€critical€negotiation.(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular Æ$Ç$È$É$DÊ$DË$UÌ$Í$îÎ$Ó€Ø$Ó€(ï(33$¤¤Ý ƒH=!ÝÑ  ÑÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€XˆãXXXÔÑ7€õjXXdìdì7ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(5Ã$òòÚ  Ú9Ú  Úóó ‘Ý ƒ 3$ÝÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÔ€XˆãXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€X’XXXˆãÔÔ€ôÆ_ôXX’ÔThe€Transition€Room€is€not€a€regular€work€site.€Workers€receive€$4.50€per€hour€and€may€have€veryÐ ° Ðlight€work€or€no€work,€but€if€they€cannot€progress€to€regular€factory€duty,€they€are€terminated.(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular Ý ƒ 3$ÝÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÔ€XˆãXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€!X’XXXˆãÔÔ€!ôÆ_ôX!X’ÔThe€evidence,€taken€as€a€whole,€indicates€that€Ô€ôÆ_ôô!ôÆ_ÔSkelton€was€probably€referring€to€the€insurerððs€refusal€toÐ ° Ðpay€temporary€total€benefits€for€March€and€April.€€Apparently€she€thought€that€if€she€went€to€work€in€theÏTransition€Room€she€would€not€get€full€pay€and€would€soon€be€terminated.(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular jÝ ƒ 3$ÝÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÔ€XˆãXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€X’XXXˆãÔÔ€ôÆ_ôXX’ÔMay€23,€August€1,€October€12€and€December€5,€1994;€April€26€and€September€20,€1995;€February€13,Ð ° ÐJune€4€and€December€3,€1996;€January€8€and€April€4,€1997.(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular Ý ƒ 3$ÝÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÔ€XˆãXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€X’XXXˆãÔÔ€ôÆ_ôXX’ÔA€condition€which€he€has€diagnosed€and€treated€in€over€200€cases€as€a€Veterans€Hospital.(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular £Ý ƒ 3$ÝÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÔ€XˆãXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ô÷ˆ ôXXˆãÔÔ‡ôÆ_ô ôô÷ˆÔRobertshaw€argues€thatÔ#†ô÷ˆ ôôôÆ_#ÔÔ#†XˆãX ôô÷ˆ~#Ô€Ô€X’XXXˆãÔÔ€ôÆ_ôXX’Ô".€.€.€since€Edward€Tamberinoððs€testimony€should€have€been€disallowed,€andÐ ° Ðthere€is€no€competent€medical€testimony€to€establish€a€permanent€work„related€emotional€or€mental€condition,Ïthe€Defendants/Appellants€respectfully€submit€that€they€should€not€be€responsible€for€any€future€psychologicalÏtreatment.ðð(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý ›Ý ƒ 3$ÝÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÔ€XˆãXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€"X’XXXˆãÔÔ€"ôÆ_ôX"X’ÔQ:€ð ðDoesnððt€that€mean€if€sheððs€continuing€to€make€progress€that€she€might€get€better?€€A:€Yes.€€Q:€AndÐ ° Ðcontinue€to€get€better?€€A:€Yes.€€Thatððs€why€I€gave€that€low€of€a€disability€rating.ðð($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó%%'÷ÿ dxd#Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý düÿP Pd &Ý ƒ 3$ÝÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÔ€XˆãXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ X’XXXˆãÔÔ‡ ôÆ_ôX X’Ô"Permanent€impairmentðð€as€that€term€is€used€in€the€òòAMA€Guidelinesóó€means€ð ðimpairment€that€hasÐ ° Ðbecome€static€or€well„stabilized€with€or€without€medical€treatment€and€òòis€not€likely€to€remit€despite€medicalÐ xÈ Ðtreatmentðð€[emphasis€added].óóÔ#†ô÷ˆ ôô ôÆ_~#ÔÔ#†XˆãX ôô÷ˆ#Ô €Ý ƒ 3$ÝÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÔ€XˆãXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€(X’XXXˆãÔÔ€(ôÆ_ôX(X’ÔWhen€the€trial€court€asked€Robertshaw€why€it€had€deposed€Dr.€Bachrach,€also€a€clinical€psychologist,Ð ° Ðif€the€testimony€of€such€experts€was€inadmissible,€the€employer€replied,€ð ðI€would€represent€to€the€Court€that€Dr.ÏBachrach€cannot€offer€a€causal€relationship€opinion€nor€an€opinion€about€permanency€but€[counsel€for€plaintiff]Ïdid€it€first€and€I€knew€what€this€doctor€was€going€to€say€so€I€had€to€react€to€it.€€Thatððs€why.ðð(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular ùÝ ƒ¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€+XˆãXXXÔÔ€+#sX+XˆãÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€+XˆãX+#sÔÐ  ÐÌOctober€26,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó ó$$$$'ÿÿdxd,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ùÝ ƒ¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€-XˆãXXXÔÔ€-#sX-XˆãÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€-XˆãX-#sÔÐ  ÐÌOctober€26,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularÝ ƒH=!ÝÑ  ÑÒH°ÒÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€XˆãXXXÔÑ7€õjXXdìdÈ7ÑÝ  ÝñÎ$ñ›ñÎ$ñÑ  ÑÔ€ X’XXXˆãÔÔ€ ¼<‚¼X X’ÔÓ  ÓñÎ$ñßr€ )*<,(j 8` `€€@E0±` 8ttxPh°ð  rß›ñÎ$ñà@@Ü Ü Ìàò òIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEÐ ° Ðà@@B B ÌàSPECIAL€WORKERS'€COMPENSATION€APPEALS€PANELÌà@@ˆˆÌàAT€NASHVILLEó óÐ Ü, ÐÓCÓÌà@hh#Ìà(June€29,€1998€Session)ˆÌÌÌœDIANNA›€œSKELTON›,à h àà À àà  à)à p àSMITH€CRIMINALÐ J š Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ ` ° Ðà ` àPlaintiff/Appelleeà h àà À àà  à)à p àNO.€01S01„9710„CC„00229Ð vÆ  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ ŒÜ  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àHON.€J.€O.€BOND,Ð ¢ò  МROBERTSHAW›€CONTROLSà À àà  à)à p àJUDGEÐ ¸  ÐCOMPANYà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð Î  Ðand€TRAVELERS€INSURANCEà  à)Ð ä4 ÐCOMPANY,à  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð úJ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àDefendants/Appellantsà À àà  à)Ð &v ÐÌÌò òòòFor€the€Appellant:à h àà À àà  àFor€the€Appellee:Ð h¸ Ðó óóóWilliam€G.€œMcCaskill›,€Jr.à À àà  àHugh€GreenÐ ~Î МWm›.€Ritchie€œPigue›à h àà À àà  à100€Public€SquareÐ ”ä ÐTAYLOR,€œPHILBEN›,€œPIGUE›à À àà  àLebanon,€TN€37087Ð ªú МMARCHETTI›€&€BENNETT,€œPLLC›à  àÐ À ÐOne€Union€StreetÌP.€O.€Box€198169ÌNashville,€TN€37219„8169ÌÌÌÌÌÌò òòòÓ  ÓM€E€M€O€R€A€N€D€U€M€€€O€P€I€N€I€O€NÐ †(Ö#! ÐÌMembers€of€Panel:Ìó óóóJustice€Frank€F.€œDrowota›,€IIIÐ È+'$ ÐSenior€Judge€William€H.€InmanÌSpecial€Judge€Joe€C.€Loser,€Jr.ÌÓ± ÓÌ€ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌMODIFIED€andÌAFFIRMEDà  àà h àà À àà  àINMAN,€Senior€JudgeÐ ü:L62 Їò òòòà@**ÌàM€E€M€O€R€A€N€D€U€M€€€O€P€I€N€I€O€NˆÐ ° ÐÌóóó óÓÓà ` àThis€workers'€compensation€appeal€has€been€referred€to€the€SpecialÐ Ü, ÐWorkers'€Compensation€Appeals€Panel€of€the€Supreme€Court€in€accordanceÏwith€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€50„6„225(e)(3)€for€hearing€and€reporting€to€theÏSupreme€Court€of€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law.Ìà ` àThe€trial€court€awarded€œDianna›€Skelton€[ð ðemployeeðð]€workersððÏcompensation€benefits€based€on€one„hundred€percent€permanent,€totalÏdisability.€€Robertshaw€Controls€Company€[ð ðemployerðð]€appeals,€challengingÏthe€extent€of€employeeððs€disability,€the€admissibility€of€the€opinion€of€a€clinicalÏpsychologist€as€to€permanency€of€employeeððs€disability,€and€the€failure€of€theÏtrial€court€to€apply€the€multiplier€caps€set€forth€in€T.C.A.€ðð€50„6„241(a)(1).Ìà ` àFor€the€reasons€herein€stated,€we€modify€the€award€to€find€60€percentÏpermanent€vocational€disability€and,€as€modified,€affirm€the€judgment€of€theÏtrial€court.Ìò òà@žž.ÌàIó óˆÐ #h Ðà ` àMrs.€Skelton€had€been€employed€as€a€factory€laborer€at€Robertshaw€forÏsix€years€when,€on€September€4,€1992,€she€sustained€a€work„related€injury€toÏher€lower€back€while€lifting€parts€weighing€about€30€pounds€and€placing€themÏin€an€overhead€bin.€€She€timely€reported€the€injury€to€Robertshaw€and€saw€Dr.ÏBowden€Smith,€an€approved€physician,€for€treatment.€€Dr.€Smith€gave€herÏepidural€steroid€blocks€and€heat€treatments€and€took€her€off€work€for€2„1/2Ïweeks,€then€ordered€lighter€work€in€the€Transition€Room€from€September€22,Ï1992€until€October€6,€1992,€when€she€was€released€to€return€to€full€work.Ìà ` àShe€continued€to€experience€back€pain,€complained€to€Robertshaw,€andÏthen€saw€another€approved€physician,€Dr.€Larry€œLaughlin›,€who€ordered€X„raysÐ Ð8 40 Ðand€prescribed€physical€therapy.€€She€continued€to€complain€of€pain.€€OnÏNovember€2,€1992,€she€saw€Dr.€Robert€œWeiss›,€neurosurgeon,€also€an€approvedÏphysician,€who€ordered€a€CT€scan€of€her€lumbar€spine,€opined€the€results€wereÏunremarkable,€and€diagnosed€lumbar€strain.€€His€records€indicate€ð ðI€think€weÏhave€objective€studies€that€are€negative,€showing€no€definitive€surgical€lesion€orÏsignificant€neural€impingement€.€.€.ðð€€He€recommended€a€work€hardeningÏprogram,€which€she€finished€with€continuing€significant€back€and€left€leg€pain.€ÏOn€December€8,€1992€he€advised€her€to€return€to€full€work€with€no€restrictionsÏand€assessed€no€permanent€impairment.Ìà ` àOn€December€9,€1992,€Mrs.€Skelton€called€Jean€œHiett›,€Human€ResourcesÏAdministrator€for€Robertshaw,€and€told€œHiett›€she€could€not€work€and€was€goingÏto€Dr.€Willard€West€in€Lebanon,€and€that€she€had€an€œMRI›€scheduled€through€Dr.ÏWest€for€December€11,€1992€and€would€know€the€results€on€December€12,Ï1992.€€Ms.€Hiett€advised€Mrs.€Skelton€that€Robertshaw€would€not€beÏresponsible€for€this€unapproved€medical€care.Ìà ` àOn€December€9,€1992€Mrs.€Skelton€went€to€Dr.€West,€whose€MRIÏrevealed€a€ruptured€lumbar€disc.€€Dr.€West€advised€her€to€stay€off€work€until€sheÏcould€see€Dr.€Timothy€Schoettle,€a€surgeon,€and€œsomeone›€in€Dr.€Westððs€officeÏwrote€a€ð ðTo€Whom€It€May€Concernðð€note€to€Robertshaw€advising€the€employerÏof€the€diagnosis€and€need€to€be€off€œwork.€€The›€letter€was€not€signed€œby€Dr.€WestÏand›€therefore€was€not€accepted€by€Robertshaw€as€a€medical€excuse.Ìà ` àMrs.€Skelton€contacted€Robertshaw€and€was€told€that€the€ð ðrehab€nurseððÏwould€go€to€Dr.€Westððs€office€and€talk€to€him.€€Robertshaw€then€sent€Mrs.ÏSkelton€a€letter€asking€her€to€attend€a€meeting€on€January€25,€œ1993,€which›€ÏRobertshaw€describes€œthusly›:€ð ðbecause€of€her€unexcused€absences,€Plaintiff€wasÐ Ð8 40 Ðterminated€because€no€authorized€physician€had€excused€her€from€œwork.ðð€€On›ÏJanuary€28,€1993,€Mrs.€Skelton€filed€a€union€grievance.Ìà ` àMrs.€Skelton€first€saw€Dr.€Timothy€Schoettle€on€January€29,€1993.€€HeÏreviewed€her€MRI€and€ordered€a€myelogram,€a€CT€scan€and€an€œEMG›€nerveÏconduction€test.€€He€determined€she€had€a€herniated€lumbar€disc€at€œL5›„œS1›€andÏperformed€surgical€removal€of€the€disc€and€decompression€of€the€nerve€root€onÏFebruary€9,€1993.€€He€opined€that€her€postoperative€course€was€fairly€typicalÏand€at€her€first€postoperative€visit€he€began€her€on€a€walking€program.€€On€AprilÏ14,€1993€he€sent€her€to€œThera›€Care€for€a€conditioning€program€with€the€goal€ofÏgetting€her€back€into€the€work€place.€€After€three€to€four€weeks€in€the€program,Ïthe€physical€therapists€determined€that€she€showed€no€evidence€of€symptomÏmagnification€and€was€capable€of€returning€to€work€at€a€light€to€sedentary€level.Ìà ` àMrs.€Skeltonððs€union€grievance€resulted€in€(1)€her€reinstatement€asÏRobertshawððs€employee,€(2)€back€wages,€(3)€Robertshawððs€acknowledgment€ofÏher€injury€as€compensable,€(4)€Robertshawððs€agreement€to€pay€for€theÏunapproved€treatment€provided€by€Drs.€West€and€Schoettle,€and€(5)Ïcontinuation€of€Mrs.€Skelton€under€the€care€of€Dr.€Schoettle.Ìà ` àUpon€reinstatement€to€her€job€in€May€1993,€and€with€the€approval€of€Dr.ÏSchoettle€that€she€was€able€to€work,€she€returned€to€work€on€May€24,€1993.€€HerÏinitial€work€restrictions€were€to€avoid€lifting€more€than€15€pounds€repetitively,Ïavoid€maintaining€a€single€posture€for€long€periods€of€time,€and€avoid€repetitiveÏbending,€stooping€and€squatting.€€He€advised€her€to€continue€on€her€medicationsÏof€œReflan›,€œProzac›€and€Soma.Ìà ` àAccording€to€Dr.€Schoettle,€when€Mrs.€Skelton€returned€to€work€she€hadÏmany€complaints€of€low€back€pain€and€had€to€lie€down€some€at€work€butÐ Ð8 40 Ðcontinued€to€work€and€make€progress.€€Therefore,€as€of€August€11,€1993,€heÏassigned€what€he€felt€were€permanent€restrictions€of€occasional€lifting€up€toÏtwenty€pounds,€frequent€lifting€no€more€than€fifteen€pounds,€no€repetitiveÏbending,€stooping€or€squatting,€and€no€maintenance€of€a€fixed€posture€for€aÏlengthy€period€of€time.€€He€assessed€ð ðnine€to€ten€percent€anatomic€impairmentÏto€the€woman€as€a€whole€on€a€permanent€basisðð€based€on€the€œ4th›€Edition€of€theÏòòAMA€Guidelines€to€the€Evaluation€of€Permanent€Impairment.Ð ¸  Ðà ` àóóMrs.€Skelton€worked€full„time€within€her€restrictions€at€Robertshaw€fromÐ ä4 ÐAugust€11,€1993€until€early€March€1994,€when€she€began€to€experienceÏincreased€back€pain,€missed€work€and€saw€Dr.€Schoettle€on€March€9,€11,€23€andÏApril€20,€1994.׃×Ý ƒ5ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð h¸ Ðà ` àDr.€Schoettle€testified€that€he€did€not€hear€from€Mrs.€Skelton€for€aboutÏseven€months,€until€she€called€his€office€in€March€1994€stating€that€she€wasÏhaving€terrible€pain€in€her€back€and€in€her€leg.€€She€reported€that€she€had€alwaysÏhad€some€pain€postoperatively€but€had€been€able€to€work€until€about€one€monthÏbefore€she€called€Schoettle,€when€she€started€having€increased€back€pain€ð ðaboveÏand€beyond€what€she€had€been€used€to.ðð€€His€examination€revealed€a€positiveÏstraight€leg€raise€test€and€a€diminished€ankle€reflex,€which€œindicated€to€him›€thatÏthe€nerve€root€was€either€pinched€or€inflamed€and€there€was€a€possibility€of€aÏrecurrent€ruptured€disc.Ìà ` àMRI€scan€ruled€out€a€recurrent€ruptured€disc€but€showed€postoperativeÏscarring.€€He€prescribed€physical€therapy€and€epidural€steroid€blocks€with€theÏhopes€of€getting€the€nerve€root€irritation€better.Ð x4È/, Ðà ` àWhen€Mrs.€Skelton€reported€back€to€Dr.€Schoettle€on€April€20,€1994€andÏtold€him€that€the€physical€therapy€did€not€decrease€her€back€pain,€hisÏexamination€did€not€show€much€evidence€of€nerve€root€problems.€His€officeÏnotes€for€that€date€include€the€notation€that€ð ðI€put€some€very€strict€restrictionsÏon€light€duty€work€that€[I]€will€let€her€try€to€work€with€and€also€recommendedÏshe€try€to€use€her€Chattanooga€brace€when€she€does€work€activities.€€I€want€toÏsee€her€back€again€in€a€month€and€assess€her€progress,€and€at€that€time€I€thinkÏwe€likely€would€be€at€a€point€where€we€could€make€any€change€in€permanentÏrestrictions€that€might€exist€secondary€to€her€exacerbation.ððÌà ` àWhen€deposed€he€testified€thatÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ` àð ðWhat€I€did€is,€I€filled€out€some€work€restrictions€very€similar€to€whatÏweððd€had€before.€€Also€at€the€request€of€the€rehab€nurse€hired€by€theÏcompany€and€the€workersðð€compensation€carrier,€I€reviewed€a€videoÏtape€of€some€of€the€work€activities€that€she€would€be€doing,€whichÏprimarily€involved€sitting€and/or€standing€as€was€comfortable,€andÏlifting€little€parts€and€putting€them€together€and€putting€them€back€in.€ÏI€reviewed€that,€and€verbally€and€by€letter,€both€the€rehab€nurse€andÏI€thought€this€would€be€okay€work€for€her€to€do.€€I€saw€her€back€aboutÏa€month€later,€and€she€indicated€to€me€that€when€she€went€back€toÏwork€after€my€restrictions€in€my€letter€that€they€would€not€let€herÏwork€with€those€restrictions€and€had€terminated€her.ððÐ ` 8"` 8" ÐÌÓÓÓ  Óà ` àOn€Thursday,€April€21,€1994,€Mrs.€Skelton€returned€to€work€and€was€toldÏto€go€to€the€front€office.€€There€she€met€with€employer€and€unionÏrepresentatives.€€The€facts€surrounding€this€meeting€were€highly€contested€atÏtrial.€€Ms.€Hiett€for€Robertshaw€testified€the€company€offered€Mrs.€SkeltonÏwork€within€her€restrictions€in€the€Transition€Room,œ×ƒ×Ý ƒ5ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€which€Mrs.€SkeltonÐ  0p+( Ðâ ârefused,€stating€that€ð ðTravelers€are€not€paying€benefits€now,€and€she€did€notÐ L2œ-* Ðwant€transition€pay.ððœ×ƒ×Ý ƒ5ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€€Hiett€further€testified€that€Skelton€did€not€work€on€theÐ ° Ðday€of€the€meeting,€April€21,€1994,€and€never€returned€to€work.Ìâ âà ` àMrs.€Skelton€testified€that€during€the€meeting€she€and€the€other€attendeesÏdiscussed€her€restrictions€at€length€and€then€the€others€left€her€in€the€meetingÏroom€for€two€hours,€after€which€the€plant€manager€returned€and€took€her€to€aÏjob€ð ðsetting€bellows.ðð€€She€testified€that€she€tried€all€day€to€do€the€job,€whichÏrequired€that€she€sit€at€a€table€and€manipulate€small€parts.€€However,€sitting€forÏlong€periods€was€quite€painful€and€she€tried€to€stand€and€do€the€job€but€was€tooÏtall€(5'11")€so€she€ð ðruined€every€part€I€did.ðð€€She€testified€she€worked€at€the€jobÏfrom€9:10€a.m.€until€lunch,€took€pain€medication€at€lunch,€returned€to€the€workÏuntil€3:10€p.m.,€and€then€ð ðhad€to€leaveðð€in€tears,€due€to€back€pain,€with€20Ïminutes€remaining€on€the€dayððs€work€shift.€€She€told€her€supervisor€that€she€hadÏto€leave,€who€replied,€ð ðOK€hon,€do€you€want€me€to€drive€you€home?ððÌà ` àThe€last€day€of€work€for€that€week€was€Friday.€€Mrs.€Skelton€testified€thatÏon€Friday,€April€22,€1994€she€called€Jean€Hiett€to€report€that€she€could€not€workÏdue€to€pain,€but€Ms.€Hiett€was€not€there,€so€she€left€a€message.€€Copies€of€Ms.ÏHiettððs€telephone€messages€indicate€conversations€between€Hiett€and€Skelton€onÏApril€25,€26€and€27,€the€focus€of€which€was€a€joint€effort€to€get€pay€for€SkeltonÏwhile€she€worked€in€the€Transition€Room€and€to€obtain€an€updated€or€moreÏspecific€report€from€Dr.€Schoettle.Ìà ` àMrs.€Skelton€testified€she€tried€to€contact€Dr.€Schoettle€and€that€Ms.€HiettÏagreed€to€notify€her€if€she€were€able€to€get€in€touch€with€the€doctor.€€TheÏemployerððs€case€manager,€Ms.€Debbie€œFuson›,€wrote€a€letter€to€Dr.€Schoettle€onÐ x4È/, ÐApril€26,€1994€apparently€asking€for€clarification€about€work€restrictions.€€Dr.ÏShoettle€replied€by€letter€dated€April€28,€1994€and€faxed€May€2,€1994:ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 ` àð ðIn€response€to€your€letter€of€April€26,€1994,€I€have€further€reviewedÏmy€records€on€your€client€and€my€patient,€Dianna€Skelton.€€I€feel€thatÏshe€is€medically€appropriate€at€this€time€to€resume€light€duty€workÏwith€the€restrictions€I€have€placed,€and€I€base€this€upon€my€medicalÏtreatment,€and€upon€the€videotape€and€I€have€reviewed€and€her€postÏoperative€radiographic€studies.Ð ` 8"` 8" ÐÌà8 ` àIf€she€continues€to€feel€that€she€is€literally€unable€to€work€due€to€theÏpain,€I€would€recommend€an€independent€medical€evaluation€byÏanother€neurosurgeon€such€as€Dr.€Robert€M.€Weiss.€.€.ððÐ ` 8"` 8" ÐÌÓ  ÓÓÓà ` àThe€parties€agree€that€there€was€no€contact€between€Mrs.€Skelton€and€herÏemployer€from€April€27,€1994€until€May€7,€1994,€when€Skelton€received€aÏtermination€letter€dated€May€5,€1994€from€Robertshaw€as€follows:ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 ` àð ðWe€have,€as€you€know,€received€a€medical€report€from€Dr.€TimothyÏSchoettle,€dated€4/20/94.€€This€form€outlines€the€temporaryÏrestrictions€related€to€jobs€you€can€perform€at€our€plant.Ð ` 8"` 8" ÐÌà8 ` àWe€have€been€able€to€accommodate€these€restrictions€by€eitherÏproviding€work€in€the€factory€or€placing€you€in€the€Transition€Room.€ÏFurther,€we€have€received€information€from€Dr.€Schoettle,€dated€AprilÏ28,€1994,€reiterating€that€it€is€appropriate€for€you€to€resume€light€dutyÏwork€within€his€temporary€restrictions€guidelines.Ð ` 8"` 8" ÐÌà8 ` àYour€last€day€worked€was€Thursday,€April€21,€1994.€€Since€you€failedÏto€report€to€work€for€the€last€ten€(10)€days,€we€must€assume€youÏvoluntarily€resigned€as€of€your€last€day€worked.€€Enclosed€you€willÏfind€your€separation€notice€and€COBRA€letter.ððÐ ` 8"` 8" ÐÌÓ  ÓÓÓà ` àAlthough€the€deposition€of€Dr.€Schoettle€was€taken€on€September€26,Ï1994€and€the€record€is€silent€about€his€later€medical€treatment,€mileage€recordsÏindicate€Mrs.€Skelton€saw€him€eleven€times€after€her€termination€fromÏRobertshaw€on€May€5,€1994€and€before€trial€on€May€5,€1997.׃×Ý ƒ5ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð L2œ-* Ðà ` àMrs.€Skelton€testified€that€she€worked€two€days€in€1995€including€ðð€dayÏwith€a€salesman„trainer,€trying€to€sell€phone€service,€and€1ðð€days€filling€in€forÐ ¤6ô1. Ðthe€secretary€of€the€œGordonsville›€Planning€Commission.€€She€did€not€work€inÏ1996.€€In€February€1997€she€began€her€own€business€of€selling€health€food.Ìà ` àIn€October€1995,€Mrs.€Skeltonððs€attorney€referred€her€to€Dr.€EdwardÏTamberino,€Ph.D.,€licensed€clinical€psychologist.€€Dr.€Tamberino€saw€her€eightÏtimes€in€1995,€approximately€35€times€in€1996€and€approximately€three€times€aÏmonth€for€the€first€four€months€of€1997,€up€to€the€time€of€trial,€at€which€heÏtestified€in€person,€over€the€objection€of€the€employer€that€he€was€notÏcompetent€to€testify€about€causation€or€permanence€of€disability.Ìà ` àDr.€Tamberino€testified€that€he€conducted€various€psychological€tests,Ïincluding€the€Minnesota€Multiphasic€Personality€Inventory€[MMPI],€theÏPersonality€Adjustment€Inventory€[PAI],€and€a€back€pain€test.€€He€diagnosedÏpost„traumatic€stress€disorder,׃×Ý ƒ5ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€which€he€testified€was€recognized€by€the€òòAMAÐ ”ä ÐGuidelinesóó€and€the€òòDiagnostic€and€Statistical€Manual€IVóó€of€the€AmericanÐ À ÐPsychological€Association,€and€opined€that€it€was€caused€by€her€work„relatedÏback€injury.€€He€testified€that€she€has€significant€depression,€preoccupation€withÏher€body,€concentration€problems,€significant€sleeping€problems€and€significantÏwalking€problems.€€He€assessed€25€to€30€percent€ð ðcognitive€impairment€arisingÏout€of€the€[post„traumatic€stress€disorder]€diagnosis€that€arises€out€of€theÏphysical€problem.ðð€€He€testified€that€in€making€this€assessment€he€used€the€œ2nd›Ïand€œ4th›€Editions€of€the€òòAMA€Guidelines€to€the€Evaluation€of€PermanentÐ ô-D)& ÐImpairment.€€œóóHe€testified€at€length€using€the€òòAMA€Guidelinesóó€terminology€andÐ  0p+( Ðâ âmethod€of€assessing€permanent€impairment€but›€he€was€never€asked,€nor€did€heÐ L2œ-* Ðever€state,€that€he€considered€her€condition€to€be€permanent.€€In€fact,€he€opinedÏthat,€at€the€time€of€trial,€she€was€improving.׃×Ý ƒ5ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€œ×ƒ& ×Ý ƒ5ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€Ð Ü, Ðâ âà ` àIn€August€œ1996€the€employer›€sent€records€of€Dr.€Tamberinoððs€testing,Ïdiagnosis€and€treatment€of€Mrs.€Skelton€to€Dr.€Allen€F.€œBachrach,›€M.D.,€Ph.D.,Ïwho€is€a€board„certified€psychiatrist€and€neurologist€as€well€as€a€Tennessee„¼licensed€clinical€psychologist.€€Ô‡ ¼<‚¼¼ ¼<‚ÔDr.€œBachrach›€opined€that€there€was€noÐ ŒÜ  Ðdocumentation€in€Dr.€Tamberinoððs€records€to€support€the€diagnosis€of€post„¼traumatic€stress€disorder.€€Ìà ` àÔ#† ¼<‚¼¼ ¼<‚¤L#ÔDr.€œBachrach›€then€evaluated€Mrs.€Skelton€in€his€office€on€December€10,Ð ` Ð1996.€€His€neurological€testing€and€objective€physical€examination€of€Mrs.ÏSkelton€œwere›€normal,€although€she€had€pain€complaints€and€moved€carefullyÏwith€regard€to€bending€over.€€He€felt€Dr.€Schoettleððs€assessment€of€nine€to€tenÏpercent€impairment€to€the€body€as€a€whole€was€reasonable€œand€cited›€òòAMAÐ À ÐGuidelinesóó,€Ô‡ ¼<‚¼¼ ¼<‚Ôœ4th›€Edition,Ô#† ¼<‚¼¼ ¼<‚OO#Ô€page€113,€Table€75,€section€II„Eòò.€€óóHe€opined€she€had€aÐ ì < Ðfairly€good€recovery,€full€motor€strength,€reflexes€intact€and€no€complaints€ofÏsensory€loss.€€Ìà ` àDr.€œBachrach›€reviewed€the€psychological€test€results€obtained€by€Dr.ÏTamberino,€and€found€that€there€were€no€abnormalities€indicated€on€the€PAI.€€œ¼à ` àOn›€the€MMPI,€he€found€Dr.€Tamberinoððs€tests€revealed€hysteria,Ïhypochondriasis,€and,€Ô‡ ¼<‚¼¼ ¼<‚Ôto€a€lesser€extent,€Ô#† ¼<‚¼¼ ¼<‚XQ#Ôdepression.€€He€opined€these€threeÐ ô-D)& Ðâ âtogether€indicate€conversion€and€œsuggest›€that€Mrs.€Skelton€ð ðtends€to€pay€moreÐ  0p+( Ðattention€to€her€physical€problems€and€physical€complaints€than€is€warranted€byÏthe€organic€pathology.ðð€€Ìâ âà ` àDr.€Bachrach€opined€that€patients€with€post„traumatic€stress€disorder€tendÏto€be€anxious,€nervous,€have€flashbacks€of€a€specific€bad€experience,€haveÏnightmares,€and€tend€to€avoid€anything€connected€with€those€experiences.€€HeÏquestioned€Mrs.€Skelton€and€found€that€she€did€not€have€nightmares,€flashbacksÏor€any€other€symptoms€of€post„traumatic€stress€disorder.€€He€reported€that€œð ð[a]t›Ïthis€point€I€donððt€see€any€evidence€that€any€additional€impairment€rating€shouldÏbe€given€for€any€psychiatric€problems.ðð€€Further,€he€opined€that€ð ðThis€ladyÏphysically€can€do€some€things,€but€she€is€probably€so€attuned€to€her€pain€thatÏthere€are€probably€jobs€that€she€could€do€that€she€doesnððt€think€she€can€do.ððÌò òà@pp-ÌàIIˆÐ ”ä Ðó óà ` àRobertshaw€first€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€theÐ À Ðtestimony€of€Dr.€Tamberino€into€evidence,€in€awarding€discretionary€costs€forÏDr.€Tamberinoððs€court€appearance,€and€in€awarding€future€psychologicalÏtreatment,€because€the€testimony€of€a€psychologist€is€not€sufficient€to€establishÏpermanency€or€causation.œ×ƒ'×Ý ƒ5ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€Ð p'À"  Ðà ` àRule€702,€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence,€provides:ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 ` àò òTestimony€by€experts.ó ó€€If€scientific,€technical,€or€other€specializedÐ È+'$ Ðknowledge€will€substantially€assist€the€trier€of€fact€to€understand€theÏevidence€or€to€determine€a€fact€in€issue,€a€witness€qualified€as€anÏexpert€by€knowledge,€skill,€experience,€training,€or€education€mayÏtestify€in€the€form€of€an€opinion€or€otherwise.Ð ` 8"` 8" ÐÌÓÓÓ  Óà ` àNumerous€opinions€of€this€Court€have€cited€the€testimony€of€clinicalÏpsychologists€when€a€party€alleges€mental€impairment.€€òòSee,€Underwood€v.Ð x4È/, ÐZurich€Ins.€Co.,€óó854€S.W.2d€94€(Tenn.€1993);€òòThomas€v.€Aetna€Life€&€Cas.€Co.,Ð ° Ðóó812€S.W.2d€278€(Tenn.€1991);€òòOrman€v.€Williams€Sonoma,€Inc.,€óó803€S.W.2dÐ Ü, Ð672€(Tenn.€1991);€€òòJaske€v.€Murray€Ohio€Mfg.€Co.€óó750€S.W.2d€150€(Tenn.Ð  X Ð1988);€òòWade€v.€Aetna€Cas.€&€Sur.€Co.,€óó735€S.W.2d€215€(Tenn.€1987);€òòGentry€v.Ð 4 „ ÐE.I.€DuPont€De€Nemours€&€Co.,€óó733€S.W.2d€71€(Tenn.€1987);€òòRiley€v.€AetnaÐ ` ° ÐCas.€&€Sur.€Co.,€óó729€S.W.2d€81€(Tenn.€1987).€€The€argument€that€the€trial€courtÐ ŒÜ  Ðerred€in€admitting€the€testimony€of€a€clinical€psychologist€into€evidence€isÏwithout€merit.€€However,€while€a€clinical€psychologist€may€have€valuableÏtestimony€to€offer,€such€testimony€is€not€competent€in€a€workersðð€compensationÏcase€on€the€issues€of€causation€or€permanence€of€€medical€impairment.€òòSee,Ð <Œ ÐCIGNA€Property€&€Casualty€Ins.€Co.€v.€Sneed,óó€772€S.W.2d€422€(Tenn.€1989)Ð h¸ Ð[ð ðThe€testimony€of€a€clinical€psychologist€to€whom€appellant€was€referred€byÏher€attending€osteopathic€physician€is€not€legally€sufficient€to€support€an€awardÏof€permanent€partial€disabilityðð];€òòHenley€v.€Roadway€Express,€óó699€S.W.2d€150Ð ì < Ð(Tenn.€1985)€œ[ð ðIn›€òòFreemon€v.€VF€Corp.,€Kay€Windsor€Div.,€óó675€S.W.2d€710Ð #h Ð(Tenn.€1984),€we€expressly€held€that€a€psychologist€was€not€a€medical€doctorÏand€was€not€qualified€to€establish€the€permanence€of€an€injury€in€a€workersððÏcompensation€œcase.ðð]›Ìà ` à€Robertshaw€œalso€argues›€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€awarding€the€cost€ofÏDr.€Tamberinoððs€œdeposition€because€the€evidence€was€inadmisible.›€€Ìà ` àTenn.€R.€Civ.€P.€54.04€provides€that€ð ðcosts€not€included€in€the€bill€ofÏcosts€prepared€by€the€clerk€are€allowable€only€in€the€courtððs€discretion.€ÏDiscretionary€costs€allowable€are:€€.€.€.€reasonable€and€necessary€expert€witnessÏâ âfees€for€depositions€or€trials,€.€.€.ðð€€€œÐ ¤6ô1. Ðà ` àSince›€the€trial€court€relied€in€part€on€the€testimony€of€Dr.€Tamberino,€weÏâ âconclude€that€his€testimony€was€important€to€the€courtððs€decision.€€Therefore,€heÏwas€a€ð ðnecessary€expertðð€within€the€meaning€of€Rule€54.04(2)€and€the€award€ofÏdiscretionary€costs€is€œaffirmed.òò›€œIngram›€v.€State€œIndus.›€óó943€S.W.2d€381€(Tenn.Ð 4 „ Ð1995);€òòMiles€v.€Marshall€C.€œVoss›€Health€Care€œCtr.,óó›€896€S.W.2d€773€(Tenn.Ð ` ° Ð1995).Ìà ` àThe€trial€court€authorized€future€psychological€treatment€by€Dr.ÏTamberino,€which€Robertshaw€appeals€on€the€premise€that€since€he€is€notÏcompetent€to€testify€as€to€causation€or€permanence,€there€is€no€competentÏtestimony€to€show€the€employee€requires€psychological€treatment.׃×Ý ƒ5ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€œ€€As€weÐ <Œ Ðhave€shown,€the€fact€that€Dr.€Tamberino€cannot€testify€as€to€causation€orÏpermanence€does€not,€òòipso€factoóó,€mean€that€his€testimony€is€otherwiseÐ ”ä Ðirrelevant.€€The€authorization€of€future€psychological€treatment€is€modified€byÏthe€requirement€that,€as€a€condition€precedent€to€the€liability€of€the€employer€forÏthe€payment€of€the€reasonable€expenses€of€such€treatment,€the€employee€mustÏfirst€obtain€permission€of€the€trial€court€upon€proof€of€the€necessity€of€theÏtreatment€and€competent€medical€proof€that€the€need€for€it€is€directly€related€toÏthe€accident€of€September€4,€1992.Ìò òà@BB-ÌàIIIˆÐ È+'$ Ðà ` àó óRobertshaw€next€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€awarding€permanentÐ ô-D)& Ðtotal€disability€benefits€to€Mrs.€Skelton€and€that€the›€award€of€permanent€partialÏdisability€should€be€governed€by€the€two€and€one„half€times€medical€anatomicalÏimpairment€rating€œ(ð ðmultiplier€capðð)€set›€forth€in€T.C.A.€ðð€50„6„241(a)(1).Ð x4È/, Ðà ` à€€In€order€to€receive€permanent,€total€disability€benefits,€an€employeeÏmust€show€that€she€is€totally€incapacitated€from€working€at€an€occupationÏwhich€brings€such€employee€an€income.€€T.C.A.€ðð€50„6„207(4)(B).€€There€is€noÏdispute€that€Mrs.€Skelton€was€working€at€the€time€of€trial;€she€testified€that€sheÏis€self„employed,€selling€health€products.€€€Prior€to€going€into€business€she€hadÏworked,€albeit€quite€briefly,€in€a€clerical€position€and€selling€phone€service.€€AllÏof€the€medical€experts€who€testified€opined€that€she€could€or€should€try€to€returnÏto€some€type€of€gainful€employment.€€Therefore,€we€find€the€trial€court€erred€inÏawarding€permanent,€total€disability€benefits.Ìà ` à€Ô‡ ¼<‚¼¼ ¼<‚ÔIn€making€determinations€about€vocational€disability,€this€courtÐ <Œ Ðconsiders€lay€and€expert€testimony,€employeeððs€age,€education,€skills€andÏtraining,€local€job€opportunities,€and€capacity€to€work€at€types€of€employmentÏavailable€in€claimantððs€disabled€condition.€òòTenn.€Code€Ann.€ððóó€50„6„241(a)(1);Ð À ÐòòœRoberson›€v.€œLoretto›€Casket€Co.,€óó722€S.W.2d€380,€384€(Tenn.€1986).€€Ô#† ¼<‚¼¼ ¼<‚²l#ÔÔ‡ ¼<‚¼¼ ¼<‚ÔÐ ì < Ðà ` àDr.€Shoettle€testified€that€Mrs.€Skelton€retained€ten€percent€permanentÏmedical€impairment€to€the€body€as€a€whole.Ô#† ¼<‚¼¼ ¼<‚ n#Ô€€She€is€37€years€old,€has€a€highÐ D%”  Ðschool€education€and€one€year€of€college,€and€is€currently€taking€collegeÏcourses.€€Although€her€work€experience€is€almost€exclusively€in€factory€labor,Ïshe€has€some€experience€in€clerical€and€sales€jobs€and€hopes€to€eventuallyÏobtain€a€college€degree.€€œConsidering€these€factors,€the€evidence€preponderatesÏin€favor€of€an€award€of€permanent€partial€disability€substantially€less€than€oneÏhundred€percent.›Ìà ` àIf€Robertshaw€offered€Mrs.€œSkelton›€a€meaningful€return€to€work,€she€œcanÏrecover€at€most›€25€percent€permanent€partial€disability,€by€application€of€T.C.A.Ïðð€50„6„241(a)(1)€[multiplier€cap].€€However,€if€the€she€attempted€to€return€toÐ Ð8 40 Ðwork€but€was€unable€to€do€so€owing€to€her€disability,€she€can€recover€œat€most›€œ60›Ïpercent,€T.C.A.€ðð€50„6„241(a)(1).Ìà ` àAs€stated,€the€evidence€about€the€last€day€Mrs.€Skelton€worked€wasÏhighly€contested.€€The€trial€court€accredited€the€testimony€of€Mrs.€Skelton€andÏdiscredited€the€testimony€of€Jean€Hiett,€the€employerððs€human€resourcesÏrepresentative.€€Ô‡ ¼<‚¼¼ ¼<‚ÔWhere€the€trial€judge€has€made€a€determination€based€upon€theÐ ŒÜ  Ðtestimony€of€witnesses€whom€he€has€seen€and€heard,€great€deference€must€beÏgiven€to€that€finding€in€determining€whether€the€evidence€preponderates€againstÏthe€trial€judgeððs€determination.€€òòSeeóó€òòHumphrey€v.€David€œWitherspoon›,€Inc.,€óó734Ð ` ÐS.W.2d€315€(Tenn.€1987).Ô#† ¼<‚¼¼ ¼<‚Ès#ÔÐ <Œ Ðà ` àWe€find€the€evidence€preponderates€in€favor€of€a€finding€that€œMrs.ÏSkelton€tried€to€return€to€work€but€did€not€make€a€meaningful€return€to€workÏand€that€she€is€entitled€to€60€percent€permanent€partial€vocational€disability.€€Ìà ` àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€modified€to€award€sixty€percentÏpermanent€partial€disability€to€the€employee€and€to€require€prior€approval€andÏorder€of€the€trial€court€if€Mrs.€Skelton€wishes€to€obtain€future€psychologicalÏcare€by€Dr.€Tamberino.€€As€modified,€the€judgment€is€affirmed,€withñÅ$ñ€at€the€ñÅ$ññÆ$ñ€ñÆ$ñcostsÏñÈ$ñassessed€evenly€to€appellant€and€appellee.ñÈ$ññÈ$ñof€ñÈ$ñòòñÇ$ñ(who€should€pay€costs??)ñÇ$ñÐ œ)ì$" ÐñÊ$ñÌñÊ$ññÌ$ñÓÓñÌ$ññË$ñÌñË$ññÌ$ñÓÓñÌ$ñóóÔ‡¼¯R ¼¼ ¼<‚ÔñÉ$ñÌÌñÉ$ñà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à_____________________________Ð Þ,.(% Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWilliam€H.€Inman,€Senior€JudgeÔ#† ¼<‚¼ ¼¼¯R¦x#ÔÔ‡¼¯R ¼¼ ¼<‚ÔÐ î->)& ÐCONCUR:Ìà ` àÔ#† ¼<‚¼ ¼¼¯RÔy#ÔÔ‡¼¯R ¼¼ ¼<‚ÔÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌFrank€F.€Drowota›,€III,€JusticeÔ#† ¼<‚¼ ¼¼¯R?z#ÔÔ‡¼¯R ¼¼ ¼<‚ÔÐ N4ž/, Ðà ` àÔ#† ¼<‚¼ ¼¼¯RÃz#ÔÔ‡¼¯R ¼¼ ¼<‚ÔÌÌÔ#† ¼<‚¼ ¼¼¯R&{#Ôà ` àÔ‡¼¯R ¼¼ ¼<‚ÔÌ_______________________________ÌJoe€C.€Loser,€Jr.,€Special€JudgeÔ#† ¼<‚¼ ¼¼¯Rv{#ÔÐ ž9î41 Їà ` àœñÍ$ñ¹Ò£HÒòòÔ‡ »¼»¼ ¼<‚Ôà@¨ ¨ àIN€THE€SUPREME€COURT€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ Æ ÐÌà@)àAT€NASHVILLEˆÌñÍ$ññØ$ññØ$ññÍ$ññÍ$ññØ$ñßr€ ,*<,(j 8` `€€@EÙ ` 8ttxP ð  rßñØ$ññÍ$ñÌÌÌDIANNA€SKELTON€€€€€€à h àà À àà  à}à p àSMITH€CRIMINAL€€€€€€€€€€Ð J š Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à}à p àNo.€€Below€93„145€€Ð ` ° Ðà ` àPlaintiff/Appellee€à h àà À àà  à}Ð vÆ  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à}à p àHon.€€J.O.€BOND€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ŒÜ  Ðvs.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à}à p àJudge€€€€€Ð ¢ò  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à}Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à}à p àNo.€01S01„9710„CC„00229Ð Î  ÐROBERT€SHAW€CONTROLS€CO.€€€€€€€}ÌAnd€TRAVELERS€INSURANCE€€€€€€€€€€€}ÌCOMPANY€€€€€€à  àà h àà À àà  à}€à p àÐ ` Ѐ€€€€€€€€€à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à}Ð &v Ðà ` àDefendants/Appellantsà À àà  à}à p àMODIFIED€AND€AFFIRMEDÐ <Œ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à€€€€€€€€€Ìà ` àà ¸ à€€€€€€€€à  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÐ h¸ ÐÌà@(àJUDGMENT€ORDERˆÌÌÌÓ€Óà ` àà ¸ àThis€case€is€before€the€Court€upon€the€entire€record,€including€theÏorder€of€referral€to€the€Special€Workers'€Compensation€Appeals€Panel,€and€theÏPanel's€Memorandum€Opinion€setting€forth€its€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€ofÏlaw,€which€are€incorporated€herein€by€reference.Ìà ` àà ¸ àWhereupon,€it€appears€to€the€Court€that€the€Memorandum€OpinionÏof€the€Panel€should€be€accepted€and€approved;€andÌà ` àà ¸ àIt€is,€therefore,€ordered€that€the€Panel's€findings€of€fact€andÏconclusions€of€law€are€adopted€and€affirmed,€and€the€decision€of€the€Panel€isÏmade€the€judgment€of€the€Court.ÌÓ šX°œXÓà ` àà ¸ àCosts€will€be€paid€equally€by€Plaintiff/Appellee€andÏDefendants/Appellants€for€which€execution€may€issue€if€necessary.ÌÓ€Óà ` àà ¸ àIT€IS€SO€ORDERED€onÔ"*USú ú, úUSú ú, ú*Ô€October€26,€1998.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àPER€CURIAMÌóóÌÌÌÌÐ [9«46 ЇÌÌñÍ$ññÎ$ññÍ$ñÔ†ÿÿÔñÍ$ññÎ$ññÍ$ñÔ#† ¼<‚¼» »¼3|#ÔñÍ$ññÎ$ññÍ$ñÔ  ÔÔ  ÔñÍ$ññÎ$ñ›Ìà ` à