JULIA SMITH GIBBONS, Circuit Judge. Plaintiffs are five football players at the University of Kentucky (“UK”) who were subject to racial taunts and physical violence at a fraternity-sponsored party. Yet after the altercation, defendant Detective Cory Vinlove, a Lexington police officer, initiated criminal charges against plaintiffs. A grand jury eventually refused to indict plaintiffs but, by then, news of the investigation had already hurt plaintiffs’ reputations and careers. After being cleared of wrongdoing, plaintiffs sued Vinlove, Sergeant Donnell Gordon, Lexington Police Chief Lawrence Weathers, and Lexington-Fayette County Urban Government (“LFCUG”), asserting various federal and state-law claims. Defendants moved to dismiss all claims except a state malicious prosecution claim. The district court granted the motion, reasoning that as damaging as defendants’ actions were, they were not deprivations of liberty under the Fourth Amendment as required for the federal claims. The district court also dismissed plaintiffs’ state-law claims, finding that the alleged facts failed to state a claim under state law. We now affirm the district court.

MURPHY, Circuit Judge. The plaintiff in this case—which we will call “United Allergy”—provides personnel and supplies to primary-care physicians so that the physicians may offer allergy testing and immunotherapy to patients. United Allergy charges the physicians a set fee for its goods and services, and the physicians, in turn, charge medical insurers for their own allergy care. According to United Allergy, though, several insurers conspired with each other and with the predominant allergy-care medical group to drive United Allergy and its contracting physicians from the market. United Allergy brought two antitrust claims against the insurers and medical group. Yet the antitrust laws permit plaintiffs to sue only if they have suffered injuries “by reason of” an antitrust violation. 15 U.S.C. § 15(a). And the district court dismissed United Allergy’s antitrust claims on the pleadings because it lacked “standing” to invoke this provision. The court then rejected United Allergy’s state-law claims at the summary- judgment stage. We agree with the district court’s results. In the process, though, we must clarify the nature of the antitrust inquiry. To sue under the antitrust laws, a plaintiff must show both that it suffered an antitrust injury and that the defendant proximately caused the injury. United Allergy’s suit flunks the latter element. Relying on proximate-causation principles, the Supreme Court has held “that indirect purchasers who are two or more steps removed from [an antitrust] violator in a distribution chain may not sue.” Apple Inc. v. Pepper, 587 U.S. 273, 279 (2019). And the same rule should apply in reverse to indirect sellers for antitrust violations that a group of buyers (like the insurers here) commit. United Allergy is also an indirect seller because it is “two” “steps removed from” the insurers in the distribution chain. Id. The insurers directly bought from (and harmed) the primary-care physicians by allegedly conspiring to fix their reimbursement rates and deny their claims. And that conduct harmed United Allergy only indirectly because it led the physicians not to pay United Allergy’s fees and to end their relationship. We thus affirm.

In May 2023, the Greene County Grand Jury issued a presentment against Defendant, Jacob Columbus Deal, charging him with three counts of statutory rape by an authority figure and three counts of aggravated statutory rape. Pursuant to a plea agreement, Defendant pled guilty to one count of aggravated statutory rape to be sentenced out of range at ten years as a Range I offender at thirty percent with the trial court to determine the manner of service. Following a sentencing hearing, the trial court denied alternative sentencing and ordered Defendant to serve his entire ten-year sentence in confinement. On appeal, Defendant argues that the trial court erred by denying him alternative sentencing. Following our review of the record, the briefs of the parties, and the applicable law, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.

Appellee was injured in an automobile accident where Appellant’s, a governmental entity, employee was 100% at-fault. On appeal, Appellant argues that the trial court erred in: (1) finding that Appellant’s governmental immunity had been removed; (2) admitting testimony from two of Appellee’s treating physicians; and (3) admitting certain medical billing records. Appellees ask this Court to award frivolous appeal damages. Discerning no error

National Guard personnel were seen patrolling around the Bass Pro Shops at the Pyramid and Riverside Drive in downtown Memphis on Friday morning as part of the Memphis Safe Task Force, the Daily Memphian reports. The deployment marks the Tennessee National Guard’s first visible presence in the city under President Donald Trump’s multiagency crime reduction initiative. Guard members, some armed, were stationed inside and outside the Pyramid but did not appear to engage with shoppers. In early announcements about the Memphis Safe Task Force, Memphis Mayor Paul Young said the Guard would act as “eyes and ears.” Gov. Bill Lee called the Guard a “force multiplier” for local police, and said that personnel would not be making arrests.Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth could authorize the use of up to 1,000 Tennessee National Guard troops for one year.

A civil rights watchdog agency opened an investigation into how the federal government has responded to allegations of antisemitism on college campuses, Reuters reports. Led by Democratic Chair Rochelle Garza, the bipartisan agency is seeking documents and communications between federal officials and about a dozen universities — including Columbia University and the University of Minnesota — regarding antisemitic incidents and enforcement under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act. The probe will examine government actions dating back to the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel and is expected to examine the Trump administration’s handling of campus antisemitism complaints and threats to withhold federal funding. The commission plans to hold public hearings in November and issue a report within a year.

Tennessee's senior Republican U.S. Sen. Marsha Blackburn was honored for her legislative work protecting intellectual property (IP) by the News/Media Alliance during a ceremony in Washington, D.C., on Tuesday. Blackburn was recognized for her work championing "protection of intellectual property, particularly in pushing back against Big Tech monopolies," alongside Sen. Maria Cantwell, D-Washington, the Tennessean reports. Blackburn has introduced several bills aimed at regulating artificial intelligence (AI) and establishing legal recourse for victims of AI abuse. “Supporting content creators is at the top of my list of priorities, and we need to pass the COPIED Act, NO FAKES Act and TRAIN Act to protect against the abuse of AI,” Blackburn shared in a social media post.

New data shows that out-of-state travel for abortion declined in the first half of 2025, marking the first drop in clinic visits since the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade in 2022. According to Tennessee Lookout, the Guttmacher Institute report found an 8% decrease in patients traveling to states where abortion remains legal, while the use of telehealth to obtain abortion medication continues to rise. In Tennessee, where nearly all abortions are banned, 10,020 residents sought out-of-state abortions in 2024, while an additional 5,840 ended pregnancies using medication prescribed through telehealth. Telemedicine providers, protected by “shield laws” that allow them to prescribe and mail FDA-approved abortion pills anywhere in the country and protect the organization and its medical staff from out-of-state prosecution in 22 states and Washington, D.C., continue to serve patients in states with bans.

Legal Aid of East Tennessee (LAET) is marking Pro Bono Month and its 60th anniversary with free legal clinics and community events throughout October. The organization, which serves 26 counties across East Tennessee, is partnering with local agencies to offer free legal advice and assistance in areas such as expungement, family law and name changes. Upcoming events include a virtual name change clinic on Oct. 16, a family law advice clinic on Oct. 28 at the Carol B. Bertz Family Justice Center in Hamilton County and ongoing expungement assistance through Oct. 31. Additional clinics will take place in Johnson City, Kingsport and Knoxville, including a debt relief clinic on Nov. 15. Pre-registration is required for select events by calling 423-402-4766. In addition to these clinics, LAET is celebrating its 60th Anniversary with two Pro Bono Night events: the first in Chattanooga on Oct. 23 at the Chattanooga Whiskey Event Hall and then in Knoxville on Nov. 13 at The Standard Knoxville. Both evenings will honor volunteer attorneys, celebrate six decades of service and raise support to ensure justice for vulnerable East Tennesseans. Sponsorships and tickets are still available. Don’t miss this chance to be part of LAET history. Get more information on these upcoming events on the LAET website or in a press release from the organization.

A list of those who passed the July 2025 Tennessee bar exam is now available. Check the TBA’s website for the complete list of successful applicants. Download the list in pdf format. Those who meet all licensing requirements will be sworn in at ceremonies across the state next month. Events are scheduled for Nov. 3 in Knoxville at the Knoxville City/County Building Main Assembly Room at 10 a.m. EDT; Nov. 4 in Nashville at the Millenium Maxwell House Grand Ballroom at 10 a.m. and 1 p.m. CDT; Nov. 5 in Jackson at the Supreme Court Building at 1 p.m. CDT.; and Nov. 6 in Memphis at City Hall at 10 a.m. CDT.